Thursday, September 17, 2020

Famous Nicknames A-L

This is a compiled --- and a continuing work in progress ---  listing of royal and noble epithets, monikers, nicknames, sobriquets, or surnames that have been gathered from online sources.

The list includes royal and noble monikers, both in English and other languages, in the case of the latter because an English translation or equivalent has not been found or because the non-English version retains the "flavour" or original "imagery" of the moniker.

For more details about the royal or noble whose moniker is in the list below, please go to the main entries of the blog.

Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, Hajib of Cordoba: the Victorious (al-Muzaffar)

Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire
the Damned

Adelaide del Vasto
Adelaide of Montferrat
Adelaide of Salona: Adelaide del Vasto
Adelaide of Savona: Adelaide del Vasto

Adolf of Nassau: Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg

Aed Find Airechtech (of the Assemblies)

Afonso I of Portugal :Afonso Henriques

Alfonso V of Portugal

Afonso de Albuquerque: the Achilles of Portugal

Agilulf the Thuringian

Albrecht I of Brandenburg

Albert of Ballenstadt:

Albrecht II of Bavaria-Straubing
the Young

Albrecht II of Brunswick-Luneburg
the Corpulent (Ger. der Feiste)
the Fat (Lat. Pinguis)
    Albrecht II of Germany
    Albrecht II of Habsburg
    Albrecht V of Austria
    the Grave
    the Illustrious
      Albrecht III of Austria
      Albert of the Long Hair:
      Albert of the Tail
      Albert with the Braid
      Albert with the Pigtail
      Albert with the Tress:

      Alexander I of Macedon the Madman of Macedonia:

      Baedan of Ireland of the Yellow Hair [1]

      Bagrat I of Imereti (d.1372) the Little, the Minor

      Bagrat I of Abkhazia the Simple

      Bagrat III of Georgia Bagrat the Unifier

      Bagrat V of Georgia Bagrat the Great

      Balbinus the Barracks Emperor the Emperor of the Army

      Baldomero Espartero,Prince of Vergara, the Peacemaker of Spain

      Balian of Ibelin Balian of Ramla Balian of Nablus

      Barbara of Portugal la Sufrida

      Barbarossa (Ottoman admiral)
      the Redbeard
      the King of the Seas, the King of the Sea 
      the Protector of Religion [8] [9]

      Bardanes the Turkified, the Turk, the Turned-Turk

      Barisan of Ibelin Balian I

      Barnim I of Pomerania the Founder of Cities

      Barnim III of Pomerania
      the Church-Founder [10]
      der Spillendreher
      the Elder
      the Bulgar-Slayer 
      the Macedonian
      the Porphyrogenitus
      the Young

      Basil II of Pskov
      Waker the Waves
      Baudouin of Boulogne
      Baudouin I of Edessa
      Bardawill -- "....[He] was called by the Arabic historians Bardawill...." (Rose et. al., p. 57)

      Baudouin II of Edessa

      Baudouin of Rethel

      Baudouin du of Bourq

      Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield Dizzy [23]

      His nickname Taillefer is due to his legendary tenacity. (Histoire du Rousillon)
      Bernat Tallaferro

      Bernard Taillefer/Trencaferre 

      Bernat I of Besalu 

      Bernat of Septimania

      Bernard-Aton IV, Viscount of Albi Trencavel [26] 

      Bernard II Tumapaler of Gascony Tumapaler 

      Bernard II of Auvergne Hairyfoot, Plantevelue 

      Bernard of Pont-Audemer the Dane

      Bernard I of Toulouse le Veau 

      Bernard I of Rouergue the Calf

      Bernard of Armagnac

      Berenguer Ramon II of Barcelona the Fratricide

      Berengar II of Italy aka Berengar I of Ivrea

      Berengar of Namur aka Berengar de Lomme

      Berenguela of Castile the Great

      Berenguer the Wise

      Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona the Bent, the Crooked, the Hunchback [Bio1]

      Bernat I of Girona the Old 

      Bernat II of Besalu Trunus 

      Bernhard of Silesia aka Bernard of Lwowek (Pol. Bernard Lwowecki) the Cunning the Lightstone (Pol. Bernard Zwinny)

      Bernhard of Silesia Stateczny, of Swidnica (Pol. Swidnicki)

      Bernhard of Silesia Skoczek

      Bernhard I of Bentheim Paterbernd [27]

      Bernhard III of Baden-Pforzheim the Fortunate

      Bernhard VII of Lippe the Warlike

      Berthold III of Spoleto Berthold de Duce

      Berthold VII of Henneberg-Schleussingen the Wise

      Berthold of Carinthia the Bearded 

      Berthold of Zahringen au Grand Pied

      Bertrand de Poulengy Pollichon[28]

      Blot-Sweyn the Sacrificer

      Bjorn Haraldsson the Merchant

      Bjorn Ironside Haraldsson Ironside

      Bjorn I of Sweden Ironside 

      Bjorn the Chapman

      Boabdil the Little, the Small the Sleeper, the Sleeping Hero, the Sleeping King the Unlucky

      Bogislaw XIII of Pomerania the Pious, the Godly

      Bogislaw X of Pomerania the Great

      Bogislaw V of Pomerania the Old

      Bogdan III cel Orb the Blind the One-Eyed

      Bogdan I of Moldavia the Founder the Saxon 

      Bohemund III of Antioch le Bembe the Stammerer 

      Bohemund IV of Antioch the One-Eyed

      Boleslav I of Bohemia the Cruel

      Boleslav II of Bohemia the Debonair the Pious the Chaste

      Boleslaw II of Poland the Bold the Cruel 
      "Kazimierz the Restorer's eldest son, Boleslaw the Bold, assumed the throne in 1058. Boleslaw II (1049-81) was gifted with tremendous personal energy -- to the point of recklessness -- as well as boundless pride. During the first years of his reign, despite another failed expedition to Bohemia, Boleslaw managed to secure Poland's borders and install his uncle on the throne of Kiev...." (Radzilowski, p. 29)

      Boleslaw V of Poland the Pious the Timid 

      Bolko I of Silesia the Great the Raw of Jawor

      Bolko II of Silesia Bolko of Ziebicki "At that time our father sent us with a magnificent army against Duke Bolko of Silesia, the lord of Ziebice. That duke was neither a prince nor a vassal of our father or the kingdom of Bohemia... This duke had received the territory of Klodzko as a gift for the duration of his life, and wanted to give the aforementioned city and duchy to our father and the crown of the kingdom of Bohemia permanenly rather than to his brother Boleslaw, because he and his brother were mutual enemies. After our father had taken possession of the city of Wroclaw, however, all the dukes of Silesia including the duke of Opole declared their permanent submission to him and the crown of the kingdom of Bohemia in order that they might be protected and defended by the kings of Bohemia---all, except one Silesian duke (the lord of Swidnica) and Bolko, the lord of Ziebice. We devastated his territory, as has been chronicled. He suffered such damage that he was forced before an assembled multitude to become the vassal of our father and the crown of the kingdom of Bohemia, just like the other dukes." (Charles IV and Schaer, pp. 79-80)

      Bolko III of Silesia-Liegnitz Szczodry

      Bon Adrien Jeannot de Moncey Fabius

      Boniface III of Tuscany Boniface of Canossa the Pious

      Boniface V the Mildest of Men [56]

      Boril of Bulgaria Boril Strez

      Boris and Gleb the Saint

      Boris of Tver the Great

      Boris Godunov the Great Sovereign's Brother-in-Law the Tsar-Slave 

      Boris III of Bulgaria [Ref1:13]

      Boris, Prince Glazaty Glazaty [30]

      Boso III of Turin (d.855) the Old

      Boso I of La Marche and Perigord the Old

      Boto of Botenstein the Bold Bouchard I of Vendome the Venerable

      Botho III of Stolberg the Beatific the Blissful

      Botho II of Stolberg-Stolberg the Fortunate

      Bouchard II of Vendome the Bald

      Bouchard II of Montmorency the Bearded

      Bouchard III of Nevers the Young, the Younger

      Bouchard Minur Dominicur of Corsica the Constable 

      Bouchard Ratepilate of Vendome Boterel

      Boudewijn I of Bentheim the Brave

      Boudewijn I of Constantinople Baldwin of Constantinople

      Boudewijn II of Constantinople the Purple-Born

      Boudewijn II of Hainaut Baldwin of Jerusalem

      Boudewijn IV of Flanders Fair Beard the Bearded the Greatbeard

      Baudouin IV of Flanders. "Baldwin IV, Earl of Flanders, was called 'Schon-Bart.'..." (Frey, p. 148)

      Boudewijn IV of Jerusalem the Leper, the Leprous

      Boudewijn IV of Hainaut the Builder

      Boudewijn V of Flanders Baldwin of Lille the Great the Pious 
      "The victories having made Robert the Norman illustrious, he became an arbitrator to his neighbours. Soon, in fact, the count of Flanders, Baldwin IV a la Belle-Barbe, had recourse to his protection. The latter had sought for his son, known under the name of Baldwin of Lille, because of the care which he took in embellishing that town, one of Robert's daughters, named Adela, who was entrusted from infancy to be brought up among the Flemings. . . ." (Sismondi: 61)

      Boudewijn VI of Flanders the Good

      Boudewijn VII of Flanders Baldwin of the Axe Baldwin with the Axe the Hapeule the Hapkin the Hopkin "Baldwin VIII (sic), surnamed the Hapeule, or Hopkin, on account of a sort of axe used during his reign in the numerous public executions of the outlaws and banditti, amongst whom were many turbulent barons. Though young, he seems to have been uncommonly severe...." (Rose, et. al., p. 56)

      "...When Robert perished in the Marne in 1111, while fighting for the French King, he was succeeded in the marquisate of Flanders by his son Baldwin the Seventh, who styled himself Count of Flanders, and who, because of his love of strict justice, was named by his subjects Baldwin of the Axe. Such, indeed, was his desire to see justice strictly executed, that on one occasion he is said to have hung, with his own hands, a Flemish noble guilty of robbery...." (The Month, Vol. 35, p. 88)

      Boudewijn VIII of Flanders the Brave

      Boudewijn of Cambrai Balza, Balzo [6]

      Boudica the Bringer of Victory the Warrior Queen [37]

      Brian III of Thomond the Red [44]

      Brian Boru of the Tributes (Boruma) the Irish

      Brian O'Brien Brian of the Battle of Aonagh Brian of the Battle of Nenagh (Catha-an-Aonaigh)

      Brochwel Ysgithrog of Powys of the Tusk Brochwel of the Canine Teeth the Fanged

      Brun I of Cologne the Great the Saint

      Brun of Querfurt the Saint the Second Apostle of the Prussians "...Towards the end of 1008 he wrote a memorable, but ineffectual, letter to the Emperor Henry II, exhorting him to show clemency and to conclude a peace with Boleslas of Poland. Near the close of this same year, accompanied by eighteen companions, he went to found a mission among the Prussians, but the soil was not fruitful, and Bruno and his companions travelled towards the borders of Russia, preaching courageously as they went. On the borders of Russia they were attacked by the heathen, the whole company were murdered, Bruno with great composure meeting death by decapitation. Duke Boleslas bought the bodies of the slain and had them brought to Poland...." (New Advent - St. Bruno of Querfurt)

      Brunhilda of Austrasia the Visigoth

      Budic II of Brittany the Emperor of Brittany [45]

      Burebista of Dacia the Cunning 

      Burkhard of Mansfeld the Elder

      Burkhard I of Querfurt the Pious

      Burkhard I of Zollern the Whiner

      Carlota of Mexico the Mad Empress:

      Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset the Proud Duke.

      Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier Alceste:

      Childebert the Adopted: 

      Christian of Brunswick the Mad Christian: the Mad Halberstadter: 

      David of Wales the Patron Saint of Wales, the Water Drinker. "A vegetarian who ate only bread, herbs and vegetables and who drank only water, David became known as Aquaticus or Dewi Ddyfrwr (the water drinker) in Welsh. Sometimes, as a self-imposed penance, he would stand up to his neck in a lake of cold water, reciting Scripture! It is also said that milestones during his life were marked by the appearance of springs of water." (Historic UK)

      Eon de Beaumont; Rupert of the Rhine the Mad Cavalier: 

      Eugene of Savoy. Madame l'Ancienne. Mars Without a Venus. the Great Captain. the Famous General. the Little Abbot. the Little Abbe of Savoy. the Little Capuchin (by his own soldiers). the Little Generalissimo (Sultan Mustafa II). the Man of Ruses and of Feints (by Marshal Villars). the Noble Chevalier. the Noble Knight. the Real Emperor (by Friedrich the Great)
      the Swift Sword of Savoy. Personal Traits and Qualities: "Eugene was a small man, not at all handsome. His appearance by no means belied the country where he had received his education---it was completely that of a Frenchman. His complexion was dark, but remarkably clear; his face thin, long, and strongly marked by a large promising nose, with nostrils like those of a horse. He wore his own black hair, with two small stiff curls: between his fiftieth and sixtieth years, when he began to turn grey, he assumed a large flowing wig. The only fine point about his face was his eyes; they were dark ad full of animation. His glance electrified his soldiers, and won the hearts of the women...." (Vehse, Vol. 2, p. 119)

      "This French/Italian prince was known as 'Madam l' Ancienne' to his contemporaries, and 'Mars without Venus' to his men." (Hennefeld)

      "...He died unmarried, and seemed so little susceptible to female influence that he was styled a Mars without a Venus...." (1911 Encyclopedia)

      "Our Prince Eugen thus grew up at the palace of Soissons, but did not have a very happy childhood. His mother was primarily engaged in getting the attention of Louis XIV and in plotting against her rivals and various sources claim her children were neglected. His father Eugenio Maurice was often absent on royal missions or at war and would die in 1673. What made Eugen's childhood extra rough was that he was ugly and appeared to be very weak physically. This and the fact that he was the fourth son made that he was destined for the clergy at age 15, getting the nickname 'le petit abbé'. It would be Eugen's own decision to refuse this kind of a career." (SpanishSuccession.nl)

      "...[H]e had an iron will, and a clear strong head; in fact, an Italian intellect, but a German heart, full of gentleness and sympathy. He was called 'the Noble Chevalier,' and chivalrous he was to the heart's core, as a lover, a friend, or and enemy. He was always noble, generous, and forgiving, a foe to all flattery and fawning obsequiousness, and he detested everything like untruth and falseness. The winner of thirteen great battles, he was adorned by the most unaffected modesty.  Moderation and disinterestedness, at that time the qualities rarest to be met with at Vienna, were prominent features of his character. Never did Eugene show the least jealousy of his great friend Marlborough... His honesty commanded the respect of everyone...." (Vehse, Vol. 2, p. 120)

      "At the end of the 17th century a new Occidental Empire, the Hapsburg Danube Monarchy, emerged from the disputes between the Hapsburg and Osman dynasties. Warding off the Turkish siege of Vienna (1683) and the victories after years of war led by generals like Prince Carl of Lorraine, Margrave Louis von Baden (called 'Türkenlouis') and Prince Eugen of Savoy ('the noble knight'), were the decisive factors." (Gundisch)

      " . . . At Belgrade, Eugene received his 13th battlefield wound showing that his reputation for personal valor had been painfully won. Belgrade was also the subject of the famous German folk song, "Prinz Eugene der Edele Ritter," 'Prince Eugene the Noble Knight,' which was well known to every German school child while school children still learned folk songs. . . ." (Warren)

      Charlemagne
      the Blessed:
      the Butcher of the Saxons: "...Up to that time [i.e., 1165, when he was canonised] Charlemagne has been in the German tradition mainly the 'butcher of the Saxons.' This earlier tradition, however, has never quite died out in Germany and was strong enough to become the major object of discussion with the advent of National Socialism." (Voegelin, et. al. p. 58)
      the Champion of the Holy See, the Lord of Western Europe: "...It was not from the exhausted soil of Italy that the coming deliverer was to arise, for the hopes of men were turned towards the Frankish kingdom which was now supreme amongst the lordships which had risen from the ruins of Roman power. The Frank had ever been faithful to Rome, and the destined hero, the Lord of Western Europe, had already earned the title of Champion of the Holy See. It was from the alliance of secular and religious power that arose the settled Empire of the West, on that eventful Christmas Day, A.D. 800, when in the ancient basilica of St. Peter, Charlemagne, and his captains of war were assembled to hear mass." (Hare, p.3)
      the Sleeper
      the Sleeping Hero
      the Sleeping King [36]
      "Karl, according to his German appellation, was the model of a Teutonic chieftain, in his gigantic stature, enormous strength, and indefatigable activity; temperate, in diet, and superior to the barbarous vice of drunkenness. Hunting and war were his chief occupations... But he was likewise a Roman Emperor, not merely in his vast and organising policy... Under the same double character of the Teutonic and the Roman Emperor, Charlemagne introduced Roman arts and civilisation into the remoter parts of his dominion... The patron of Latin letters, the friend of Alcuin, encouraged the compilation of a grammar in the language of his Teutonic subjects. The hero of the Saxon poet's Latin hexameter panegyric collected the old bardic lays of Germany...." (Milman, pp. 278-280)
        Eugene of Savoy.
        Eugene of Savoy "...was a small man of no presence... On account of his feeble body he had been designed for the Church, and was nicknamed 'the Little Abbot'...." (Baring-Gould, p. 268).
        "...Eugene was known at Versailles as 'the little abbe of Savoy,' being then engaged in ecclesiastical studies. He was refused an abbacy by Louis XIV; and soon after studying military tactics, he was also refused the comman of a regiment. In anger he offered his services to the Emperor Leopold, who accepted them. Louis XIV...did not know that in losing Eugene he was losing the fortune of France, the future hero of Oudenarde and Malplaquet." (Peake, p. 382)
        "From the days of the battle of Zentha, in 1697, and of the Peace of Carlowitz, by which Hungary, after 150 years' alienation to the Turks, was brought back to Austria, Prince was the first man at the Imperial court; 'in fact, Frederic the Great says in his Introduction to the History of his own Times, 'he was the real Emperor.'" (Vehse, Vol. 2, p. 117)
        "...From a brown frock coat with brass buttons, which Eugene generally wore, his own soldiers used to call him 'the Little Capuchin,' until he won, in 1697, the battle of Zentha against the Turks. From that time dates his European celebrity...." (Vehse, Vol. 2, p. 119)
        "...Like his brother-in-arms Marlborough, he always kept a number of well-paid spies. He was ever in favour of the attach, even when inferior in numbers; it was a maxim which he had learned from Prince Louis of Baden. He was inexhaustible in plans and devices to conceal his intention from the enemy, and to lead them astray. Villars only called him, 'The man of ruses and of feints.'..." (Vehse, Vol. 2, p. 122)
        "His first great victory against the Turks at Zentha, on the 11th of September, 1697, Eugene decided by giving his orders merely by some movements of his hands and eyes; whilst Sultan Mustapha II, who looked at the battle from the opposite banks of the Theiass, and who actually kept on waggons the chains for the Austrians---silver ones for the generals and a golden one for 'the little generalissimo'---in readiness, had to his dismay suddenly to witness the utter discomfiture of his troops...." (Vehse, Vol. 2, p. 122)
          Fernando II of Braganza the African:

          Floris of Holland the Advocate: 

          Francis Macnab Macnab: 

          Francois of Vendome, Duke of Beaufort King of Markets (Fr. Rois des Halles)

          Francoise d'Aubigne Madame Solidity: 

          Francoise Marie de Bourbon Madame Lucifer

          Frederick Schomberg the Ablest Soldier of His Age: 

          Friedrich I of Zollern Maute: 

          Friedrich II of the Holy Roman Empire the Admirable Crichton of Germany: 

          Friedrich II of Prussia Alaric Cottin (by Voltaire)

          Galeazzo II of Milan the Maecenas of His Time: 

          George III of Great Britain the Mad King Who Lost America:

          George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham the Alcibiades of His Time: 

          Giovanna I of Naples
          Jeanne d'Anjou
          An Ornament to the World

          Queen Giovanella

          Henry St. John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke the Alcibiades of English History: 

          Hoamer of the Vandals the Achilles of the Vandals: 

          Hugues III of Lusignan Albus: 

          Isabella of Parmawel the Machiavellian: 

          James II of England A Second Constantine: 

          Jean Lannes the Achilles of the Grand Army: 

          Jean Lannes the Ajax of France: 

          Joachim Murat the Abbot with the Beautiful Leg

          Johann II of Nuremberg the Acquirer:

          Johann of Saxony the Magister: 

          Juan I of Aragon the Abandoned

          Juan II of Aragon the Faithless, the Great. "In other words, through her marriage, Isabella had expanded her family and asserted her independence from her brother, but in the process she had taken on some risk to herself. Her new father-in-law was a vicious, vengeful, and selfish man who would do anything to attain control of her lands---and whose nickname in Aragon was 'Juan the Faithless. Juan's faithless qualities were evident even in his family dynamics. He had a strained relationship with his oldest son, Carlos, who was a very different type of man from his father. Carlos was a courteous, cultivated, and intellectual, a Renaissance prototype, which made him enormously popular in an era of changing tastes, while his rather Juan seemed much more a product of the Middle Ages, a fearless warrior who preferred life in the saddle to reading a poem of attending a play. . . ." (Isabella: The Warrior Queen: 83)

          Jules Cardinal Mazarin the Maecenas of His Day: 

          Letizia Ramolino Madame Mere: 

          Leopold III of Austria; Leopold V of Austria the Able:

          Leopold III of Anhalt-Dessau: the Bulldog (by Prince Eugene of Savoy); Old Dessauer (by Friedrich the Great of Prussia)

          Lothair IV of France the Abbot: 

          Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth Madame Carwell:

          Louise Elisabeth of Bourbon Madame Infanta: 

          Louise Elisabeth of Orleans Mademoiselle de Montpensier; the Spanish Fly (by her grandmother)

          Ludwig II of Bavaria the Mad King Ludwig: 

          George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham the Alcibiades of the Seventeenth Century: 

          Alessandro de' Medici
          Alessandro da Colle Vecchio (da Collevecc iiihio): 
          the Moor: 

          Alistair MacDonald of Keppoch Alexander MacDonald: 

          Henry V of England the Alexander of England: 

          Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé the Alexander the Great of France: 

          Ermanaric of the Ostrogoths the Alexander of the Goths: 

          Karl XII of Sweden the Alexander of the North: 

          Alfred of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Alfie: 

          Alfonso III of Aragon Alfons II of Barcelona: 

          Alphonse of Brienne Alfonso of Acre:

          Edwy of England
          the All-Fair

          the King of the Churls. "Edwy got his epithet (the Fair or All-Fair) due to his striking good-looks. . . ."
          "Poor Eadwig’s reputation has suffered at the hands of the biographers of the early church leaders, particularly in the Life of St Dunstan, which depicts Eadwig as a debaucher, a despoiler of the church and an incompetent king. While William of Malmesbury called him a ‘wanton youth’ who ‘misused his personal beauty in lascivious behaviour’, his nickname of ‘All-Fair’ suggests he wasn’t all bad. The chronicler, Æthelweard saying that Eadwig ‘for his great beauty he got the nickname Pancali [‘All-Fair’] from the common people’. [5] According to the chronicler, Eadwig ‘held the kingdom for four years and deserved to be loved.’ " (History. . .the interesting Bits)" (The British Chronicles, Volume 1: 291)
          "Succeeding his uncle King Eadred in 955 at about the age of 15 and considered exceptionally handsome, Eadwig quickly gained himself a reputation. According to a story which grew more and more salacious with repetition, he sneaked out of his coronation feast at Kingston in Surrey to enjoy himself with two women, a mother and her daughter. When the new king’s absence was noticed, the future St Dunstan, then Abbot of Glastonbury, and the Bishop of Lichfield were sent to look for him. They found him with the women and minus his crown and only after a violent row was he forced back to the feast, respectably crowned again." (History Today)

          Al-Mansur ibn Abi Amir Almanzor:

          Almighty Nose: Oliver Cromwell (by Marchamont Needham)

          Almudafar: Al-Hakam I of Cordoba

          Anne Farquharson-MacKintosh the Beautiful Rebel: 

          the Archangel Who did Battle with the Devil: Oliver Cromwell

          al-Muqtadir (the Powerful)

          al-Muzaffar (the Victorious): Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar

          Ismail ben Zennun of Toledo al-Zafir:

          am Chomhard, an-Chomhaid (of the Castle of Chomhaid): Teige O'Brien of Thomond

          Charles II of England
          Amazia
          the Blackbird
          the Black Boy
          Bonny Black Boy
          Camillus
          David
          Old Rowley
          Our Setting Sun
          Rowley
          the Father of His People (by Duke of Buckingham)
          the Great Physician
          the Merry Monarch
          Mutton Eating Monarch
          the Royal Wanderer
          the Son of the Last Man
          Young Tarquin (by Marchamont Needham).

          Philippe I of France the Amorous:

          Abd-ar-Rahman III an-Nasir li-din Allah: 

          Annora de Braose the Anchoress:

          Alexander I of Russia the Angel: 

          Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany the Angel of Peace

          Maria Sophie of Bavaria the Angel of Gaeta:

          Isabel of Aragon, Queen of Portugal the Angel of Peace

          Marie of Edinburgh the Angel Without Wings: 

          Christian II of Denmark the Anger: 

          John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough Anne's Great Captain: 

          Anne Boleyn Anne of the Thousand Days: 

          Aed Oirdnide mac Neill the Anointed: 

          George III of Great Britain Another Philip the Second: 

          Alexis I of Russia the Antichrist: 

          Landulf I of Benevento Antipater: 

          Giacomo Casanova Antonio Pratolino: 

          Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Baron of Desmond the Ape

          Basil II of the Byzantine Empire the Apogee of Byzantine Power: 

          Adalbert of Prague
          the Apostle of Bohemia: 
          the Apostle of the Prussians: 
          the Apostle of the Slavs: 

          Philip the Arab

          Arbalestier (Bundukdari). (Bradbury, p. 16) 

          Archambaud du Montet: Archambaud III of Bourbon

          Jacques II of Cyprus the Archbishop: 

          Jacques-Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de Ruffec, Saint-Simon, Vidame de Chartres the Bassett

          Gerald of Wales the Archdeacon of Brecon and St. David's: 

          the Arch-monarch of the World: 

          the Arch-Sleepyhead of the Holy Roman Empire: Frederick III of the Holy Roman Empire

          the Arch-Traitor: James FitzMaurice

          Eleanora de Garzia de Toledo.
          Ardente
          La Fecundessima: "The fertile Eleonora was known as 'La Fecundessima.' She and Cosimo, who was elevated from Duke of Florence to the First Grand Duke of Tuscany by the King of Spain and Hapsburg Holy Roman Empire Charles V, became the proud parents of eleven children. Cosimo particularly doted on the older girls, Maria, Lucrezia, and Isabella." (Inglorious Royal Marriages: A Demi-Millennium of Unholy Mismatrimony)

          Arduin of Ivrea: Arduin of Italy

          Ardmacha: Fomnall IV ua Neill of Ireland

          the Armenian (Rom. Armeanul): Ioan III of Moldavia; Leo V of the Byzantine Empire

          Louise (1776-1810), Queen of Prussia Armida:

          Arnulf of Herstal: Arnulf of Metz

          Drahomira of Stodor the Arrogant: 

          Arthur III of Brittany a.k.a. Arthur de Richemont: 

          Konstantin of Yaroslav lthe Artist: 

          Fernando II of Portugal the Artist-King: 

          Astarbe: Francoise d'Aubigne

          Friedrich II of the Holy Roman Empire the Astonishment of the World: 

          Astraea: Elizabeth I of England 

          Albrecht III of Austria the Astrologer:

          the Astronomer: Alfonso X of Castile

          Lestko of Poland the Astute:

          Byzantine Empress Irene the Athenian:

          Valdemar IV of Denmark Atterdag (Dawn of a New Day, Another Day):

          Bertrada of Laon au Grand Pied:

          Eustace II of Boulogne aus Longues Moustaches:

          Eustace II of Boulogne aux Grenons:

          Johann V of Brandenburg the August:

          Otto II of Bavaria the August

          George II of Great Britain Augustus:

          Marie Antoinette of Austria
          the Austrian:
          the Austrian Whore

          the Avenger of Merchants: Edward III of England

          the Awesome: Ivan IV of Russia

          BB: Carolina, Baroness Nairne

          Baba Aruj: Aruj

          Baba Oruc (Father Aruj): Aruj

          the Babbler (Sp. Baboso, Bavos): Fernando II of Leon

          Babochon: Louis-Philippe, Crown Prince of Belgium

          Daisy, Countess of Warwick the Babbling Brooke: 

          the Baboon: Louis XIV of Francethe Babe: Godfrey III of Louvain

          Baby Charles: Charles I of England

          the Baby Eagle: Napoleon II, King of Rome

          the Baby in the Warming Pan: James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales

          Johann II of Cleves. the Babymaker: ". . . Johann II (1458-1521) had also earned a derisive title, 'the Babymaker' (proletarius) because he was said to have fathered sixty-three illegitimate children before settling into a marriage with Mechtild of Hesse at the age of thirty-one. Aside from the undeniable drain these children made on the treasury of Cleves, however, we have no evidence that Johann Wilhelm's lusty ancestor was mad. . . ." (Midelfort: 99)

          James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale the Bad Earl: 

          Halfdan Eysteinsson the Bad Entertainer: 

          Foulques IV of Anjou the Bad-Tempered

          Baedan of Ireland Baedan of the Yellow Hair [1]

          Inge Magnusson the Baglar King 

          Marie Antoinette of Austria the Baker's Wife

          Sigismund of the Holy Roman Empire the Balaam of Modern History

          Ezzelino I da Romano Balbo: 

          Alexander I of Russia the Bald-coot Bullythe Bald Count: Gerhard III of Holstein-Rendsburg

          Baldwin of Bourq: Baldwin II of Jerusalem

          Baldwin of Constantinople: Baldwin I of Constantinople

          Baldwin of Jerusalem: Baudouin II of Hainaut

          Baldwin of Lille: Baudouin V of Flanders

          Balian of Nablus: Balian of Ibelin

          Balian of Ramla: Balian of Ibelin

          Ballomer: Gundoald, son of Clotaire I 

          Balza, Balzo: Baudouin of Cambrai 

          Edward III of England the Bankrupt

          Boris I of Bulgaria the Baptizer

          Carlo I Malatesta the Barbarian

          Barbaros Hayreddin: Friedrich I of the Holy Roman Empire

          Barbarossa: Aruj; Friedrich I of the Holy Roman Empire

          Barbasha: Ivan, Prince Glazaty

          Laszlo V of Hungary the Bardless King

          Bardoul: Hugues I of Broyes 

          the Bark King: Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark

          the Baron of the Holy Sepulcher: Godfrey of Bouillon

          Basarab Laiota: Basarab III of Wallachia

          Basarab I of Wallachia Basarab the Founder: 

          Basarab IV of Wallachia Basarab the Little Impaler

          Basarab III of Wallachia Basarab the Old 

          Basarab IV of Wallachia Basarab the Young

          Philippe IV of France the Base Coiner: 

          Basil the Wolf: Vasile Lupu

          Bathsheba: Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth

          Gwallawc Marchawc Trin, King of Elmet the Battle Horseman: 

          Selyf ap Cynan the Battle-Serpent: 

          Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw 

          the Battler: Alfonso I of Aragon; Friedrich II of Austria

          Alfonso I of Aragon the Battler

          Friedrich II of Austria the Battler: 

          Georg III of Waldburg Bauernjorg: 

          the Bavarian: Ludwig the German; Otto V of Bavaria

          Ludwig the German the Bavarian

          Otto V of Bavaria the Bavarian

          Eugene de Beauharnais the Bayard of His Age. ". . . Eugene was most cordially received by the king, Louis XVIII., who embraced him, and declared that as soon as peace was announced he would make him a marshal of France, as he considered him a brilliant example to the army, and that he ought to be surnamed the Bayard of His age. . . ." (History of the German Emperors and Their Contemporaries: 469)"

          Józef Antoni Poniatowski the Bayard of Poland

          Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire the Fighter

          Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire the Lightning

          Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire the Lightning Bolt

          Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire the Thunderbolt. "...In Anatolia, resentment against Ottoman aggression festered, and Bayezid was forced repeatedly to lead armies against rebellions and attacks on both fronts (hence his nickname 'Thunderbolt')...." (Goffman, p. 45)
          "He was called 'The Thunderbolt' (Yıldırım) because of his lightening fast attack strategy. He overstepped himself, however, and his forces were routed, at the Battle of Ankara, by Tamerlane in 1402. Bayezid was captured and humiliated to the extent that he committed suicide in captivity. The 'Interregnum', an eleven year gap in Ottoman rule, followed -- in which the sons of Bayezid fought it out to see who would resume the Ottoman Sultanate." (Habihullah).
          "Yildirim, meaning Thunderbolt in Turkish, was a nickname he got for the speed of mobilizing his army and attacking the enemy. He reorganized the Janissaries, changing their costumes and regulating their ranks and divisions. All soldiers were paid with regular salaries for the first time. He was also a justice person and liked the conversations with intellectuals. He was religious too, built many mosques and medresses all over the Empire, such as the Grand (Ulu) Mosque in Bursa." (Sansal)

          Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire Sofu

          Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire the Equitable

          Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire the Fair

          Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire the Guardian

          Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire the Just

          Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire the Mystic."Bayezid II was a pious Muslim, strict in his observance of the precepts of the Qur'an and the Islamic law. During his reign, much of the state revenue was devoted to the building of mosques, colleges, hospitals, and bridges. He also supported jurists, scholars, and poets, both within and outside the Ottoman Empire. In temperament 'molto melancolico, superstizioso e ostinato' ('very melancholic, superstitious, and stubborn'), in the words (1503) of the Venetian ambassador, Bayezid was interested in philosophical and cosmographical studies." (Encyclopedia Britannica)

          Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire the Saint

          Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire the Theologian

          Bela II of Hungary the Blind

          Bela III of Hungary the Byzantine King

          Bela IV of Hungary the Miracle King

          Bela IV of Hungary the Second Builder of the Hungarian Kingdom

          Henri I of England Beauclerc: 

          Albrecht I of Brandenburg the Bear: 

          Henri IV of France the Bearnais

          the Beast With Three Heads: Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus

          Botho III of Stolberg the Beatific

          George IV of Great Britain the Beau of Princes. "The Beau of Princes. A nickname given to George IV. of England, when he was Prince of Wales and Prince Regent. He had at the time great personal attractions, considerable intellectual ability, and a fine address; he was a good story-teller; had the power or ability to enjoy every day without thinking of the next; but his life supplied more material for scandal than any person who ever sat upon the English throne." (Frey, p. 37)

          Beau-Soleil: Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Bellumo

          Beelzebub's Chief All-Brewer: Oliver Cromwell (by Crouch)

          Christian II of Saxony the Beer King

          the Beautiful, Beauty:
          Agnes Sore
          Ivan II of Russia
          Jelena Lijepa

          Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut the Beautiful Elsie

          Elizabeth Hamilton the Beautiful Hamilton

          Helena Przeździecka the Beautiful Helena

          Beatrice Cenci the Beautiful Parricide

          Beatrice of Savoy A Second Niobe. "...Matthew Paris called Beatrice a second Niobe (Chronica Majora, 3.335)...." (Epistolae) [Bio1]

          Ines de Castro the Beauty of Castile

          Ferdinando I of the Two Sicilies the Beggar King

          Ulick na gCeann Burke, 1st Earl of Clanricarde the Beheader

          Bela I of Croatia: Bela II of Hungary

          Bela the Blind: Bela II of Hungary

          Belfiore: Galeotto Novella Malatesta

          Bell-the-Cat: Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus

          Feodor I of Russia the Bellringer

          Bella: Ermengarde of Tuscany

          Bellator: Albrecht II of Brandenburg

          Eleanor of Provence la Belle: 

          Frances Teresa Stuart la Belle Anglais: 

          Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau la Belle Brabant: 

          Renee de Rieux la Belle de Chateauneuf: 

          Jimena de Gormaz la Belle Chimene: 

          Diane d'Andouins la Belle Corisande: 

          Gabrielle d'Estrees la Belle Gabrielle: 

          Elizabeth Hamilton la Belle Hamilton: 

          Francoise d'Aubigne la Belle Indienne: 

          Frances Jennings la Belle Jennings: 

          Claude victor-Perrin, Duke de Bellumo la Belle-Lune: 

          Louise de Kerouaille la Belle Louise: 

          Anne Farquharson-MacKintosh la Belle Rebelle: 

          Frances Teresa Stuart la Belle Stuart: 

          Esther Imbert de la Rochelle la Belle Rochelle, la Belle Rochelaise: 

          Bellicose: Mikhael VI of the Byzantine Empire

          Belligerent: Friedrich I of Saxony

          Belphoebe: Elizabeth I of England 

          Beltraneja: Juana, Princess of Castile

          Bembe: Bohemond III of Antioch

          Bene Rex: Ulaszlo II of Hungary

          Benedetto: Cadeyrn of Powis

          Enrique II of Castile the Beneficent Donor: 

          Clemence of Hungary the Benevolent Queen: 

          Garcia II Sanchez of Gascony the Bent: 

          Berengar of Ivrea: Berengar II of Italy

          Berenguer Ramon II of Barcelona the Fratricide:. "The boys never got on, and twenty or so years of mutual loathing finally culminated in Berenguer killing Ramon while they were out hunting in some woods. Had not Ramon's pet falcon enjoyed a bird's-eye view of the killing, the identity of his master's murderer might never have been known. At Ramon's funeral, the bird flew into the church and swooped about crazily, upon which the choir suddenly and involuntarily began singing the telltale words 'Cain killed Abet! Cain killed Abel!' The public took the hint and finally gave Berenguer a nickname -- that of 'The Fratricide', "The Killer of His Brother'. (Royal Dates With Destiny: n.p.)

          Berladnik: Ivan Rostislavich, Prince of Halych

          Bermeja: Isabel Sarmiento de Zúñiga, 3rd Countess of Santa Maria de Ortiguiera

          Beronides: Louis the Blind

          Bertha of Rosenberg

          Berthold de Duce: Berthold III of Spoleto

          Bertil of Sweden the Rally Prince

          Demetrius I of Macedon the Besieger (Gr. Poliorcetes): 

          Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury the Bess of Hardwick: 

          Catherine of Braganza the Best of Queens:

          Carlos II of Spain the Bewitched: 

          Bezaliel: Edward Somerset, Marius of Somerset (1601-1667)

          Bianca Buonaventuri: Bianca Capello

          Grosbec (Nosey)
          Isabella de' Medici
          Isabella de' Medici.
          Bianca la Seconda.
          "After the death of Maria, his eldest daughter, Duke Cosimo centred his paternal affection in his second daughter, Isabella Romola. She was born in 1542, just a year younger than his eldest son, Francesco Maria. Her Spanish name endeared her especially to the Duchess Eleanora, who built many “Castelli en Espana” for her child.

          "The young Princess was a bonnie, precocious little girl. At her christening it was said, greatly to his embarrassment, she kissed the ascetic bishop who held her at the font; this was taken as an omen of her success in the service of Prince Cupid! Brought up with her two sisters and her brothers, Francesco and Giovanni, she very early gave evidence of charming and peculiar talent.

          "Merry as a bird and playful as a kitten, the young girl was singing, singing the livelong day, and dancing with the utmost grace and freedom. She greatly astonished her parents by her musical gifts and by her talent as an improvvisatrice. She composed, when only ten years of age, some really excellent canzone and, more than this, she set them to her own tunes for the lute and pipe, and arranged a very graceful ballet.

          "At Court, Isabella was now known as “Bianca la Seconda,” her attainments and her person recalling those of Bianca, “the tall daughter” of Piero and Lucrezia de’ Medici. She had, as well, a remarkable taste for languages: she rivalled her sister Maria in Latin, which she wrote and spoke with ease. Spanish seemed to come to her naturally, greatly to the delight of her mother the Duchess, and French she acquired with similar success." (Book Rags)

          Louis XV of France Bien-Aime: 

          the Big Alexander: Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan

          the Big Beggar

          the Big Bubble: Philip, Duke of Edinburghthe

          the Big One (Digera): Olav II of Norway

          the Big Nest: Vsevolod III of Vladimir

          the Big Prussian: Pierre Augereau, 1st Duc de Castiglione

          the Big Tooth: Geoffroi of Lusignan

          the Bigot: Felipe V of Spain

          Billingsgate: Caroline Barry, Lady Melfort

          Billy the Butcher: William, Duke of Cumberland

          Bishop Starzsy: Konrad IV of Silesia

          the Bismarck of the Balkans: Nikola I of Montenegro

          the Bitten: Friedrich I of Meissen

          Bizarre Amedee: Amedee VIII of Savoy

          Afandreg Ddu of Powys the Black

          Alain of Brittany, 1st Earl of Richmond the Black

          Alain of Penthievre the Black

          Conan IV of Brittany the Black

          Dub of Scotland the Black

          Ewen Cameron of Lochie the Black

          Feodor of Smolensk (d.1299) the Black

          Fernando Muñoz of Castrogeriz the Black

          Prince Floris of Holland the Black

          Floris III of Holland the Black

          Foulques III of Anjou the Black

          Godfred V of Isle of Man the Black

          Halfdan the Black

          Harald II of the Isle of Man the Black

          Heinrich I of Schwerin-Boizenburg the Black

          Heinrich III of the Holy Roman Empire the Black

          Heinrich IX of Bavaria the Black

          Hugues of Burgundy the Black

          James Douglas the Black

          John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch the Black

          Karageorge the Black

          Konrad IV of Silesia the Black

          Konrad IX of Silesia-Olesnica the Black

          Leszek II of Poland the Black

          Ludwig of Zweibrucken the Black

          Margarethe II of Flanders the Black

          Matteo Rosso Orsini, Lord of Vicovaro the Black

          Mikołaj Radziwill the Black

          Olaf II of the Isle of Man the Black

          Osman I of the Ottoman Empire the Black

          Radu Negru the Black

          Reinald II of Guelders the Black

          Rudolf II of Tubingen-Herrenberg the Black

          Stefan I of Zeta the Black

          Thorfinn the Black

          Blackamoor: Anne of Cleves

          Black Agnes:
          Agnes Randolph
          Agnes Randolph

          Black Beg:
          Ferenc Nadasdy of Nadasd
          Ferenc Nadasdy of Nadasd 

          Black Clifford, Black-Hearted Clifford: John, 9th Lord Clifford

          Black Count: Amedee VII of Savoy

          Black Cock of the West: John Colquhoun, 20th Baronet of Luss

          Black Comyn: John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch

          Black Cur of Arden: Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick 

          Black Dog of Ardennes: Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick

          Black Dog of Broceliande: Bertrand du Guesclin

          Black Duke: Friedrich Wilhelm of Brunswick-Luneburg

          Black Earl: Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormonde

          Black George: George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle; Karageorge

          Black Hugh: Hugh Dubh O'Neill

          Black James: Sir James Ormond 

          Black King: Henry III of Germany

          Knight of Liddesdale: William Douglas, Lord of Liddesdale

          Black Knight of Lorn: James Stewart; Ferenc Nadasdy of Nadasd

          Black Knight of Hungary: Ferenc Nadasdy of Nadasd

          Black Lord: Ferenc Nadasdy of Nadasd

          Black Patie: Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney

          Black Tom: Thomas Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormonde

          Black Tom Tyrant: Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford

          Black-Tooth:
          Fergus Dubdetach
          Fergus Dubdétach

          Black William: William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny

          Blacksnout: Giacomo Casanova

          Blagovierniy: Feodor of Starodub

          Blancus: Hugues of Remiremont 

          Blessed Boniface: Boniface of Savoy

          Blessed Karl of Austria: 

          Blessed Francoise: Francoise d'Amboise

          Blind Earl: Edward de Courtenay, 3rd/11th Earl of Devon

          Blissful: Bolko III of Stolberg

          the Blonde Bonaparte: Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc

          Bloodaxe (Dan. Blodoks): Eric I of Norway

          Blood Countess: Elisabeth Bathory 

          Blood-Red: Failbe of Munster

          Blood-thirsty: Ismail of Morocco

          Bloody Butcher: William, Duke of Cumberland

          Bloody Countess of Cachtice Castle: Elisabeth Bathory

          Bloody Mary: Mary I of England

          Bloody Queen Bess: Elizabeth I of England

          Bloody Red Baron: Manfred von Richthofen

          Blubberer: Frederick John Robinson

          Blue Beard, Barbe-Bleue: Gilles de Rais

          Blue King: Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria

          Blue Prince: Karl, Duke of Vastergotland

          Blue Prince-Elector: Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria

          Bluff King Hal: Henry VIII of England

          Bluetooth: Harald I of Denmark

          Bo: Jerome Bonaparte

          Boabdil: Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad XII of Granada

          Boar (Lat. Aper): Aubrey III de Vere

          Bobbing John: John Erskine. 22nd Earl of Mar. "He was nicknamed "Bobbing John," probably because of his political vacillation." (Encyclopedia)

          Bodin: Constantine Bodin

          Bogener: Heinrich IV of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen 

          Bogolyubsky: Andrei Bogolyubsky

          Bohemian: Heinrich II, Vogt of Plauen 

          Bohemian Achilles: Bretislav I of Bohemia

          Bo-ho: Henry VIII of England
          Boleslav the Blind
          Boleslav the Red

          Boleslav the Pious: Boleslav II of Bohemia


          Boleslaw the Bold: Boleslaw II of Poland

          Boleslaw the Cruel: Boleslaw II of Poland

          Bolko of Jawor (Pol. Jaworski): Bolko I of Silesia

          Bollingbroke: Henry IV of England

          Bolognian (Por. o Bolonhes): Alfonso III of Portugal 

          Bomba: Ferdinando II of Naples

          Bombalino: Ferdinando II of the Two Sicilies; Francesco II of the Two Sicilies

          Boneless: Ivar the Boneless

          Boniface of Canossa: Boniface III of Tuscany; Matilda of Tuscany

          Bonnie Chevalier: Charles Edward Stuart

          Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart

          Bookish Kalman: Kalman of Hungary. "...His successor - his nephew -, Kalman (also referred to as Koloman), according to one source, was “disheveled, hirsute, half‑blind, hunchbacked and lame,” and if only half of this is true, it is too much. He buried himself in books like a bookworm (this is where he received the name Bookish Kalman from), and he further solidified the legal system of Hungary by introducing very strict measures of punishment to protect private property. According to one of his laws for instance, whoever stole a hen (chicken), one of his/her arms was cut off." (Dallaszi Magyar Szó)

          Boreas: Frederick, Lord North; Borel: Eudes I of Burgundy

          Boril Strez: Boril of Bulgaria

          Boterel: Bouchard Ratepilate of Vendome; Geoffroy I of Penthievre; Geoffroy III of Penthievre 

          Bottomless Purse: Christian I of Denmark

          Bouce d'Or: Caroline of Monaco

          Boucher: Archambaud II of Comborn

          Boucicaut: Jean Le Maingre

          Boudica of Wales: Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd 

          Boulevard King: Leopold II of Belgium

          Bourgeois King: Louis Philippe of the French 

          Bower: Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire

          Boy from Apulia: Friedrich II of the Holy Roman Empire

          Brandenburger: Ludwig V of Bavaria

          Brandy Nan: Anne of Great Britain

          Brat King: Charles IX of France

          Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick the Brave Bear; the Kingmaker---"...Richard, had married Anne, the daughter and heir of Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, who died governor of France; and by this alliance he enjoyed the possessions, and had acquired the title of that other family, one of the most opulent, most ancient, and most illustrious in England. The personal qualities also of these two Earls, especially of Warwick, enhanced the splendour of their nobility, and increased their influence over the people. This latter nobleman, commonly known, from subsequent events, by the appellation of the king-maker, had distinguished himself by his gallantry in the field, by the hospitality of his table, by the magnificence, and still more by the generosity of his expense, and by the spirit and bold manner which attended him in all his actions. The undesigning frankness and openness of his character, rendered his conquest over men's affections the more certain and infallible; his presents were regarded as sure testimonies of esteem and friendship, and his professions as the overflowings of his genuine sentiments. No less than 30,000 persons are said to have lived daily at his board, at the different manors and castles which he possessed in England. The military men, allured by his magnificence and hospitality, as well as by his bravery, were zealously attached to his interests; the people in general bore him an unlimited affection; his numerous retainers were more devoted to his will than to the prince or the laws; and he was the greatest, as well as the last, of those mighty barons who formerly overawed the Crown, and rendered the people incapable of any regular system of civil government." (Howitt, p. 433). the King-making Earl of Warwick.Bravest and Ablest of the Christian Princes: Mircea I of Wallachia

          Johann Moritz of Nassau-Siegen the Brazilian:

          Brankovic: Stefan III of Serbia

          Breadgiver: Knud Lavard of Denmark

          Brenda: Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

          Brian: Charles, Prince of Wales

          Brichemel: Jean I of Burgundy, Lord of Arlay

          Bride of Christ: Giulia Farnese. "...Borgia's last known relationship, with a young married woman named Giulia Farnese, continued after he became pope. The Romans sometimes poked fun at this calling Giulia 'the Bride of Christ.'" (Williams and Echols, p. 87)

          Brigand: Pierre Augereau, 1st Duc de Castiglione

          Brigand of Tushino: False Demetrius II

          Brigand of Pskov: False Demetrius III

          Bringer of Victory: Boudica

          Brilliant: Giorgi V of Georgia

          Britain's Josiah: Charles I of England

          Britannica: Helena of Constantinople

          British Bayard: Philip Sidney

          British Cicero) William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham

          British Pallas: John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough 

          Briton: William d'Aubigny

          Briukhatiy, Bryukhatiy: Alexander of Suzdal-Nizhegorod; Alexander III of Suzdal

          Broad-Shouldered: Haakon II of Norway 

          Brochwel of the Canine Teeth: Brochwel Ysgithrog of Powys

          Broken-Nosed: Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain, Prince of Gwynedd

          Brother Fountain:Oliver Cromwell

          Brown Earl: William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster 

          Bubble: Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

          Bubble and Squake: Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

          Budgie: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Buffy: Elizabeth, the Queen Mother

          Buffy Cookie: Elizabeth, the Queen Mother

          Builder Prince: Rainier III of Monaco

          Builder of Churches: George II of Abkhazia

          Bulgar-Slayer: Basil II of the Byzantine Empire

          Burgundian: Aubri of Fezensac

          Bullet Magnet: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Burlap Head: Ramon Berenguer II of Barcelona

          Bushy-Eyebrowed: Alexios V Dukas of the Byzantine Empire

          Butcher Cumberland: William, Duke of Cumberland

          Butcher of Congo: Leopold II of Belgium. "The blackest stain on the reputation of the Saxe-Coburg dynasty was undoubtedly Queen Victoria's cousin Leopold II, King of the Belgians, a monstrous man who lived only for money, sex and power. . . Like every male member of the House of Saxe-Coburg, he was driven by ambition. This particular Coburg, however, was a megalomaniac, consumed by crazy colonial ambitions which were eventually to have him condemned by the whole world as 'the butcher of the Congo.'" (Royal Babylon: 263-264)

          Butcher of Culloden: William, Duke of Cumberland

          Butcher of England: John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester 

          Butcher of the Somme: Douglas Haig

          Byzantine King: Bela III of Hungary

          Cabbage: Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom; Ivailo of Bulgaria

          Caesar of Caesars: Friedrich II of the Holy Roman Empire

          Caesar of the East: Afonso de Albuquerque

          Cain: Garzia de' Medici

          Cairbreach: Donogh O'Brien

          Calf: Bernard I of Rouergue 

          Campenois: Hugues of Champlitte

          Campulus: Eustache IV of Roeulx

          Candid: Alfonso III of Aragon

          Cangrande (Big Dog, Great Dog): Cangrande I della Scala

          Canivet: Eustache III of Roeulx

          Cannibal Count: Ugolino della Gherardesca

          Cannibal Earl of Drumlanrig: James Douglas, 3rd Marquess of Queensberry

          Cannibal of Pisa: Ugolino della Gherardesca 

          Cannibalistic Idiot: James Douglas, 3rd Marquess of Queensberry. "It is reported that when the Act of Union was signed in 1707, the disruption from either the festivities or the riots resulted in his escape. Drumlanrig, then around ten years old, slaughtered a young scullion in the house's kitchen, roasting him alive on a spit, and began to eat him before he was discovered and apprehended.[2][3][4] He was afterwards known as 'The Cannibalistic Idiot'. The oven that he used can be seen in a room in the basement of Queensberry House, which housed the Parliament's Allowances Office until 2012, when it became a private bar for MSPs and their guests."

          Capacidoneo: Pedro III of Portugal

          the Captain of Christendom: Lajos I of Hungary

          Captain Luckless: James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton

          Captain Parry: Philippe, Count of Paristhe Captive: Gottfried I of Verdun. "...Godfrey (is) known to historians as 'the Old' or 'the Captive' and distinguished for his longevity (he died sometime after 1000)...." (Reuter and McKittlerick, p. 321)

          Capricious: Louise Elisabeth of Orleans

          Caracul of Fingal: Caracalla

          the Cardinal: George of Amboise

          Cardinal Boss: Ludovico Ludovisi

          Cardinal de Boulogne: Philippe de la Chambre

          Cardinal de Chatillon: Odet de Coligny

          Cardinal de Givry: Claude de Longwy de Givry

          Cardinal de Guise: Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine

          Cardinal della Rovere: Clemente Grosso della Rovere; Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere

          Cardinal Duke of York: Henry Benedict Stuart

          Cardinal-Infante: Fernando of Aragon

          Cardinal King (Por: o Cardeal-Rei): Henrique I of Portugal

          Cardinal d'Albret: Amanieu of Albret

          Cardinal of Ferrara: Ippolito d'Este, Archbishop of Esztergom

          Cardinal Rohan: Louis René Édouard de Rohan, Prince de Rohan-Guéméné

          Careless: Juan I of Aragon

          Carl Philip, Duke of Varmland the Rally Prince

          Carlino: Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia

          Carlos of Aragon: Carlos of Viana

          Carlos IV of Navarre: Carlos of Viana

          Carolus Stultus: Charles III of France

          Carmen Sylva: Elisabeth of Wied

          Caroline Blackwood: Caroline Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood

          Carinola: Atenulf III of Benevento

          Carrach: Alistair MacDonald of Keppoch

          Carrots: Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset

          Carpenter: Guillaume of Melun

          Cartridge Prince (Ger. Kartatschenprinz): Wilhelm I of Germany 

          Castellano: Fernan Ruiz de Castro

          Cataline of Florence: Francesco de' Pazzi

          Cat-Head, Cat's Head: Cairbre Cinnchait

          Catherine de' Medici of Eastern Europe: Anna Jagiellona of Poland

          Catholic Knight: Matilda of Tuscany

          Catholic Majesty: Alfonso I of Asturias

          Caulker: Mikhael V of the Byzantine Empire

          Cav: Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire

          Ceccobeppe, Cecco Beppe, Cecco Peppe: Franz Joseph I of Austria

          Celebrated: Colman Rirupemidh

          Celtic Attila: Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan

          Ceremonious: Pedro IV of AragonChampion: Olav II of NorwayChampion of Christ (Lat. Athleta Christi): Janos Hunyadi. "Once 'Athleta Christi' (Latin: 'Champion of Christ') characterized a class of Early Christian soldier martyrs, of whom the most familiar example is Saint Sebastian. In Early Modern times, since the 15th century, the title has been a political one, granted by popes to men who have led military campaigns to defend Christianity." (Wikipedia)

          Janos Hunyadi the Champion of Christendom:

          the Champion of the Reformation: Philipp I of Hesse

          the Champion Wrestler (Tur. Guresci, Pehlivan): Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire

          the Chansonnier: Teobaldo I of Navarre

          the Chapman: Olav II of Norway

          the Chariot Fighter: Fothad Cairpthech

          the Charlemagne of Ireland: Brian Boru

          the Charlemagne of Serbia: Stefan Uros V of Serbia

          Charles III of Bohemia: Karl I of Austria

          Charles IV of Hungary: Karl I of Austria

          Charles V of France the Wise:. "Charles V, surnamed the Wise, controlled his armies without leading them in person. Edward III of England used to say of him, that among all with whom he ever contended, Charles was the one who gave him the most trouble, though he never appeared against him. But Charles knew how to select good generals. Du Guesclin was his commander-in-chief. . . ." (History of the German Emperors and Their Contemporaries: 165)

          Charles VI of France the Beloved (Fr. Charles le Bien-Aimé):

          Charles VI of France the Mad (Fr: Charles le Fol or le Fou) . "The reign of Charles VI of France (1380-1422) actually started off quite well. After he took power at the age of 21, economic and political situation in the country improved significantly and he came to be called “the Beloved”. However, at the age of 32 he suffered his first episode of insanity during which he killed four of his knights and attacked his brother Louis of Orleans. From there on, he suffered from repeated bouts of insanity which eventually became more frequent and longer lasting. The “Beloved” King thus came to be called the “Mad”. Despite that, he continued to rule France until his death in 1422 but his mental incapacity had a devastating effect on his kingdom. The King’s inability to make political decisions provoked fierce princely struggles for power that would lead to a civil war-like state and encourage the English to resume the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)." (History Lists)

          Charles V of France: the Solomon of France, the French Solomon.

          Charles VII of France: the Mark Tapley of Kings

          Charles Monsieur: Charles III of Bourbon

          Charles of Angouleme: Charles IV of Alencon

          Charles of Anjou: Carlo I of Sicily

          Charlotte of Belgium: Carlota of Mexico

          Charmer of Europe: Charles Joseph of Ligne

          Chastokol: Andrei, Prince Shuisky

          Cherubim: Eugene de Beauharnais. " . . . [I]n the Italian campaign of 1796-7 he became Napoleon's junior ADC. He also accompanied his new stepfather to Egypt where he gained the nickname 'cherubim' for his boyish looks. . . . " (Napoleon's Elite: 37)

          Chervliony: Fyodor, Prince Glazaty

          Chevalier de Bayard: Pierre Terrail, Seigneur de Bayard

          Chevalier de Rohan: Guy Auguste de Rohan-Chabot

          Chevalier sans Peur et Sans Reproche: Pierre Terrail, Seigneur de BayardChevalier de Saingalt: Giacomo Casanova

          the Childless: Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine

          the Child-Prince: Alexandru V of Wallachia 

          the Child of Apulia (Lat. Puer Apuliae): Friedrich II of the Holy Roman Empire

          Chinese Gordon: Charles George Gordon

          the Christian Aspasia: Amalia Galitzina

          Christian of Halberstadt: Christian of Brunswick

          the Christian Sultan: Friedrich II of the Holy Roman Empire

          Christian VII of Denmark the Mad. "Christian VII of Denmark reigned his kingdom for over 40 years (from 1766 to 1808) but he was King of Denmark only by title. Just like his cousin, George III of the United Kingdom, the young Danish king was mentally ill and unfit to rule. Christian’s mental incapacity soon provoked struggles for power and de facto King of Denmark was anyone who managed to win influence over him. The struggles over the throne finally came to an end in 1784 when Christian’s son and the later Frederick VI of Denmark became an unofficial regnant and took the governance of Denmark into his own hands." (History Lists)

          Albert I of Belgium the Chivalrous King

          the Church's Worm: Gorm of Denmark. "King Gorm...was a fierce pagan, and on account of his cruel treatment of his Christian subjects, he gained from them the nickname of the 'Church's worm,' because, like a worm, he was always gnawing at its supports...." (Otte, p. 46) 

          the Cicero of England: William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 

          the Cicero of Germany: Johann II of Brandenburg 

          the Cid of Portugal: Nuno Álvares Pereira

          Cignus de Corde Benignus: Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester

          Citizen Capet: Louis XVI of France

          the Citizen King: Louis Philippe of the French

          Citoyen Louis Capet: Louis XVI of France

          the Clatterer: Eystein Ivarsson

          Clemence of Anjou: Clemence of Hungary

          the Cleric: Corcran Caireach; Dermot II of Thomond

          Cliquot (Kleekuo): Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia

          Clive of India: Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive

          the Coal-Burner (Swe. Kolbranna): Anund Jacob of Sweden

          Cockalorum: Alexander Gordon, 2nd Duke of Gordon

          the Cock o' the North: Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon 

          the Collector: Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel

          Coloman the Wise: Kalman of Hungary

          Coloman the Book-Lover: Kalman of Hungary

          Colonel Anne: Anne Farquharson-MacKintosh


          Colonel Gustavsson: Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden. "'Colonel Gustavsson' holds a special place in history. His contemporaries hated him, but todays historians find the story of his life very thrilling indeed. His life is full of anecdotes. He was the sad product of the unhappy marriage between king Gustav III and Sofia Magdalena of Denmark. Already early in his life he showed the world exactly how thick and disillusioned he was. Influenced by his religious teacher, young Gustav Adolf became a believer in the thesis, 'the throne is of God and the king is a god on Earth'... Gustav Adolf lived the rest of his life on the European continent, travelling from place to place and often seeking comfort in the bottle. By 1810 he separated from his wife. He died in Switzerland, under the name of Colonel Gustafsson, in 1837." (Frilund)

          the Comb: Basil III of Pskov

          Comitissa: Judith of Lens

          the Commoner (It. il Popolano): Giovanni de' Medici; Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici

          Comte de Chabot: Charles of Sainte-Aulaye

          Comte R. de P.: Alexander I of Russia

          Conan IV of Penthievre: Conan IV of Brittany

          the Concubine: Anne Boleyn

          Connachtach: Domnall of Thomond

          Connetable de Bourbon: Charles II of Bourbon

          the Conqueror of Baghdad: Murad IV of the Ottoman Empire

          the Conqueror of Goa: Afonso de Albuquerque

          the Conqueror of the Goths: Claudius II

          Damat Ibrahim Pasha the Conqueror of Kanije; the Conqueror of Eger

          the Conqueror of Malacca: Afonso de Albuquerque

          the Conqueror of the World: Alexander III of Macedonia

          Cookie: Elizabeth, the Queen Mother

          Copper-face: Oliver Cromwell

          Copper Nosed Saint: Oliver Cromwell

          Coppernosed Harry: Henry VIII of England 

          the Conspirator Prince: Pedro II of Brazil

          the Constable Saint: Nuno Alvares Pereira

          Constans Mariatocos:

          the Constant: Fernando of Castile; Johann of Saxony

          the Contender: Eberhard II of Wurttemberg

          the Copper King: Willem I of the Netherlands 

          Corannus: Henry VIII of England

          the Corpulent: Albrecht II of Brunswick-Luneburg

          Corrado de Duce: Corrado IV of Spoleto; Corrado V of Spoleto

          Corranus: Henry VIII of England

          Corvinus: Janos Hunyadi

          Cosimo de' Medici of Hungary: Matthias Corvinus of Hungary

          the Cossack (Rom. Cazacul): Peter of Moldavia 

          the Cottage Countess: Sarah Hoggins. [Ref] [Ref2] [Ref3]

          Count Camus: Beraud II of Auvergne

          Count Gert: Gerhard III of Holstein-RendsburgCount of Farussithe: Giacomo Casanova

          the Countess: Judith of Lens

          the Countess Dracula: Elisabeth Bathory

          the Countess of Granny: Margaret FitzGerald

          the Court Page: James FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond 

          the Courteous: Wilhelm of Austria

          the Courtly: Leopold IV of Austria

          the Coxcomb: Charles Joseph of Ligne; Henri III of France; Richard II of England

          the Coxcomb Czar: Alexander I of Russia

          the Crafty Greek: Alexander I of Russia

          Craint Plomb (Fear-Lead): Prince Napoleon Bonaparte

          Crassus: Pippin of Herstal

          the Cripple of Jerusalem: Carlo II of Naples

          Cromwell of the Thirteenth Century: Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester

          the Chronicler: Pedro Lopez de Ayala

          Crookback: Richard III of England

          the Crooked: Coirpre of Munster; Conan I of Rennes 

          Crook-Nose: Eochaid mac Domangairt

          Crouchback: John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare

          the Crowned Hamlet: Alexander I of Russia 

          the Crowned Sphinx: Alexander I of Russia

          the Crude: Helena of Bosnia

          the Cruel Eyes: Dmitri of Tver

          Crum-Hell: Oliver Cromwell

          Cuddy: Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford

          the Cuman, Cumanian: Laszlo IV of Hungary

          the Cunning Byzantine: Alexander I of Russia

          Curly (Pol. Kedzierzawy): Boleslaw IV of Poland

          Curse of France: Philippe IV of France

          Cursed: Constantine I of Kakheti

          Cut-Nose (Gr. Rhinotmetus): Justinian II, Byzantine Empire

          Curtmantle: Henry II of England

          Cute Harry (Dut. Mooi Heintje): Frederik Hendrik of Orange

          Cyclops: Cyclops: Grigory Potyomkin. "...Tall, muscular but hardly handsome, sometimes witty, sometimes morose, Prince Potemkin once studied theology but chose the army instead. He thus played a minor role in the 1762 coup by which Catherine and Guards Officer Grigori Orlov overthrew Catherine's weakling husband Peter III. Orlov introduced young Potemkin into court circles, where he at once amused Catherine by imitating her German accent. Orlov soon became jealous, so he and his brother Aleksei picked a quarrel with Potemkin and severely beat him. This is one explanation, though unconfirmed, of how Potemkin lost an eye (hence his nickname, "Cyclops")." (Russia: Au Revour Potemkin?) 

          the Czech Achilles: Bretislav I of Bohemia

          Daisy, Princess of Pless the Beautiful Irish Savage (by her mother) [Pix]

          Dall Pollice: Ulrich I of Wurttemberg

          Dame de Beaute: Agnes Sorel

          the Damned: Abdulhamid II of Ottoman Empire

          the Dancing Chancellor: Christopher Hatton 

          the Dandy King: Joachim Murat

          the Danes' Joy (Dan. Dan-Ast): Knud Danaast of Denmark

          the Dark-Eyed: Gwladus ferch Llywelyn

          Dark Countess: Marie Therese Charlotte of France

          Dark Lady of Doona: Grace O'Malley 

          Dark Lanthorn of the Commonwealth: Oliver St John 

          Dark Man: Matthew O'Neill 

          Darling Little Nicky: Nikolai II of Russia (by Maud, Queen of Norway)

          Daring Lord:

          Dauphin: Charles VII of France

          David Kalakaua: Kalakaua of Hawaii

          Ddyrnllwg (Fr. au Pommeau Rutilant; It. Impugnatura Scintillante: Cadell Ddyrnllwg of Powis

          de la Paz: Isabelle of Valois

          de Lomme: Berengar of Namur

          the Deacon: Bermudo I of Asturias

          the Dean: Konrad VI of Silesia-Olesnica

          the Dear Child of Victory: Andre Massena

          the Decadent: Albrecht II of Meissen

          Edmund I of England the Deed-Doer, the Elder, the Just, the Magnificent

          Dechant: Johann of Silesia (d.1439)

          the Deep-Minded: Aud

          Defender of the Church: Carlo I of Sicily

          Defender of Christendom: Janos Hunyadi

          Defender of His Country: Henry I of Germany

          Defender of German Independence: Henri II of France

          Degenerate: Albrecht II of Meissen

          Delayer: Fabius Maximus

          Demoiselle de Luxemburg: Jeanne of Luxemburg

          Demosthenes of France: Honore Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau

          Denmark's Love: Knud Danaast of Denmark

          der Gottseelige: Johann II of Bavaria

          the Dermot of the Foreigners: Dermot MacMurrough

          Desdichada: Estefania Alfonso; Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg, Queen of Spain

          de Stael of Ireland: Sydney, Lady Morgan

          the Determined: Antonio of Crato

          the Devoted: Demetre II of Georgia

          Devot: Gauthier of Rethel

          the Devout: Demetre II of Georgia; Robert II of France

          Devil of Lancut: Stanislaw Stadnicki 

          Devil's Son: Vlad III of Wallachia

          the Devil's Student: Stefan II Kotromanic 

          the Devil's Tool: Alice Perrers

          the Diamond: Ercole I d'Este

          the Diamond Duke: Karl II of Brunswick

          the Diamond Prince: Alexander Kurakin

          the Diana of Her Day: Elisabeth of Bavaria

          Dicorus: Anastasius I of the Byzantine Empire

          Dietrich Nust: Dietrich V of Cleves

          Diogenes: Romanus IV of the Byzantine Empire

          Diplomat: Carlos I of Portugal

          Diplomat of the Balkans: Marie of Edinburgh

          Dindaethwy: Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri

          Dirty Bess: Anne Clarges, Duchess of Albemarle

          Dirty Harry: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Dismal: Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham

          Dismounter: Bogdan I of Moldavia

          Distrustful: Bernard I of Armagnac

          Divine Khan: Abdulhamid II of Ottoman Empire

          Dizzy: Benjamin Disraeli

          the Dmitri of the Don: Dmitri I of Vladimir; Dmitri III of Uglich

          Dobze (Yes, All Right): Ulaszlo II of Hungary

          Dodger: Bernard I of Armagnac

          the Doer of Justice: Pedro I of Portugal

          the Do-Gooder: Alfonso III of Aragon

          the Do-Nothing: Clovis II

          the Do-Nothing King: Clovis II

          the Dog Loan: Kaloyan of Bulgaria

          Dog's Son: Lugaid mac Con

          Dog of Canale: Facino Cane

          Donald of Armagh: Domnall IV ua Neill of Ireland

          Donn (Brown-Haired): Domnall II of Dalriada

          Donskoi: Dmitri I of Vladimir; Dmitri III of Uglich

          Double Duchess: Luise Cavendish, Duchess of Manchester

          Dowdy Duchess: Elizabeth the Queen Mother

          Dragon-Despot: Vuk Brankovic of Serbia

          Dragon's Son: Vlad III of Wallachia

          Dragon of Albania: Skanderbeg 

          Dragon of the Rhine: Augusta of Saxe-Weimar

          Dream King:Ludwig II of Bavaria

          Driver of Europe: Etienne Francois

          Drunken Duke: Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk

          Dubh: Eoin MacDonald of the Isles

          Dubh na Roimhe: Colin Campbell of Glenorchy

          Duchess Lotta: Hedwig Elisabeth von Holstein-Gottorp Queen of Sweden

          Duchess-Saint: Luisa de Borja y Aragon 

          Duchess of Pork: Sarah, Duchess of York

          Duff the Black: Dub of Scotland

          Duke: Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire

          Duke of Damnation: Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult

          Duke of Dorset's Mrs. Houghton: Anne Parsons

          Duke of Grafton's Mrs. Houghton: Anne Parsons

          Duke of Peace: Leopold II of the Holy Roman Empire

          Duke of Yob: Andrew, Duke of York

          Dumb Lady: Joan of Scotland, Countess of Morton 

          Duncan na-Adh (Duncan the Fortunate): Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell

          Duncan of Lochawe: Duncan, 1st Lord Campbell

          Dutch William: William III of England

          Dwarf: Olav I of Norway

          Eadric Salvagius: Eadric the Wild

          Eadric Sivaticus: Eadric the Wild

          Earl of Straw: James FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond (d.1607)

          Earl of Toadstool: James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale

          Earring: Petru II Cercel of Wallachia

          Earring Peter: Petru II Cercel of Wallachia

          Ebles Mamzer: Ebalus of Aquitaine

          Ecclesiastic: Jean III of Preuilly, Count of Vendome

          Econeon: Giacomo Casanova

          Eco-Warrior: Albert II of Monaco

          Eddy: Albert Victor of Wales

          Editor Prince: Carlo Caracciolo

          Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March the Good; the Good Earl

          Edmund Ironside: Edmund II of England

          Edmund of Langley: Edmund of York

          Edmund of Woodstock: Edmund, 1st Earl of Kent.

          Edward Aetheling: Edward of England

          Edward of Carnarvon: Edward II of England

          Edward of Lancaster: Edward, Prince of Wales

          Edward of Middleham: Edward, Prince of Wales

          Edward of Rouen: Edward IV of England

          Edward V of England Edward of Sanctuary, the Lost Prince, the Prince in the Tower


          Edward VIII of the United Kingdom Our Smiling Prince; the Digger Prince; the Jazz Prince; Squire of Sandringham; the Uncrowned King

          Edward of Westminster: Edward, Prince of Wales

          Edward of Woodstock: Edward of England

          Edward of Woodstock: Edward, Prince of Wales

          Edward of Woodstock: Edward of the Anglo-Saxons

          Edward of Woodstock: Edward the Martyr of England

          Edward the Confessor: Edward the Confessor of England

          Edward the Exile: Edward of England

          Edward the Martyr: Edward of England

          Egbert of Brunswick: Egbert II of Meissen; Otto IV of the Holy Roman Empire

          Eight-Minded: Yaroslav Osmomysl of Halich

          Eight-Sensed: Yaroslav Osmomysl of Halich

          Eleanor of Aquitaine. 
          Eleanor of the Golden Boots.
          the Eagle. 
          the First Grandmother of Europe
          the Golden Foot (Gr. Chrysopus) 
          the Lady of the Golden Boot 
          Lady of the Golden Boot. 

          el-Bortukali (the Portuguese): Afonso I of Portugal

          El Campeador (Outstanding Warrior; the One Who Stands Out in the Battlefield): Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, Prince of Valencia

          El Cid (Lord): Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, Prince of Valencia

          the Elder (Rom. cel Bătrân): Adarnase II of Georgia; Angus Mor; Archambaud II of Bourbon; Archambaud V of Perigord; Arnulf I of Flanders; Basarab of Wallachia; Burebista of Dacia; Christian I of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst; Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici; Dietrich of Oldenburg; Dmitri of Nizhny Novgorod; Dmitri III of Suzdal; Dmitri III of Vladimir; Dmitri IV of Moscow; Edward of the Anglo-Saxons; Egino of Achalm; Engelbert I of Sponheim; Erich II of Brunswick-Kalenberg; Francesco da Carrara; Friedrich IV of Saxony; Georg Friedrich I of Erbach;Gerhard I of Hallermund ; Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg; Keno I of East Frisia; Konrad I of Carinthia; Konrad IV of Silesia; Mieszko III of Poland; Milo I of Montlhéry; Mircea I of Wallachia; Ocko I of East Frisia; Pierfrancesco de' Medici; Pippin of Landen; Sverker I of Sweden; Udalrich IX of Bregenz

          Elder Sage: Konrad VII of Silesia

          Elephant: Udalryk Christoph Radziwill

          Eliab: James II of England

          Eloquent: Duarte of Portugal

          Elisabetta Farnese of Parma, Queen of Spain the Termagant of Spain.

          Elizabeth of York.           the White Princess

          Elizabeth Plantagenet: Elizabeth of England

          Elizabeth of Rhuddlan: Elizabeth of England 

          Emathian Conqueror: Alexander III of Macedonia

          Emperor Lazar: Lazar of Serbia

          Emperor of Brittany: Budic II of Brittany

          Emperor of the Jews: Friedrich III of the Holy Roman Empire

          Emperor of Two Religions: Alfonso VI of Castile

          Emperor-King: Pedro I of Brazil

          Emperor of the Jews: Friedrich III of the Holy Roman Empire

          Emperor of Two Religions: Alfonso VI of Castile

          Empress Frederick: Victoria of United Kingdom, Princess Royal

          Empty-headed: Radu II Wallachia

          Emune: Erik II of Denmark

          Enfant Terrible: Andrea Casiraghi

          England's Darling: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth

          the English Alexander: Henry V of England

          the English Justinian: Edward I of England

          Henry VII of England the Solomon of England, the English Solomon: 

          James I of England the Solomon of England, the English Solomon: 

          the Englishwoman: Victoria, Empress of Germany

          the Enigmatic Czar: Alexander I of Russia

          the Engraver of History: Andre Massena

          Enguerrand Isambard: Enguerrand I of Ponthieu

          the Enlightened Monarch: Friedrich II of Prussia

          Ephues: Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford

          the Equitable: Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire

          Ermengol of Cabrera: Ermengol X of Urgell

          Est-il-Possible?: George of Denmark

          Esther: Francoise d'Aubigne

          Eudes Borel: Eudes I of Burgundy

          Eugene the Painter Prince of Sweden: Eugen, Duke of Närke. "What Eugene wanted was to paint and to hobnob with artists and writers. He found the perfect spot for his home on the island of Djurgarden, with views over the water of the Stockholm skyline. He studied painting seriously, in Stockholm, Oslo and Paris." (Castles & Coffeehouses)Eupolemo Pantessena: Giacomo Casanova

          Europe's Liberator: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 

          European: İbrahim Pasha

          Everybody's Mrs. Houghton: Anne Parsons

          the Evil Adviser: Ingjald the Ill-Ruler

          the Evilheart: Inge I of Sweden, Otto I of Brunswick-Gottingen

          the Evil Man in Sansoucci: Friedrich II of Prussia

          the Evil Prince: Alexander, Prince of Moldavia

          the Evergood: Erik I of Denmark

          Evpraxia: Dobrodjeja Mstislavna of Kiev

          the Executed: Ibrahim Pasha, 28th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire

          the Explorer Prince: Albert I of Monaco

          the Fabius of France: Anne de Montmorency

          the Fabulous Mountbattens: Edwina Mountbatten; Louis Mountbatten

          the Fair Beard (Fr. Belle-Barbe): Baudouin IV of Flanders

          the Fairies' Gift: Elgiva, Queen of England

          the Fairie Queene: Elizabeth I of England

          the Fairy Earl: George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare

          the Fairy Tale King: Ludwig II of Bavaria

          the Faithful Handmaid of St. Peter: Matilda of Tuscany

          the Faithless Ruler of Savoy: Vittorio Amedeo II of Sardinia

          the Falcon of Andalus: Abd ar-Rahman I of Cordoba

          the Falcon of the Quraish: Abd ar-Rahman I of Cordoba

          the False King: Childeric III

          the Famine Queen: Victoria of the United Kingdom

          the Fanged: Brochwel Ysgithrog of Powis

          Farmer George: George III of Great Britain. "George III was called Farmer George, because he liked a peaceful country life, and would have been a very good farmer, although he was not a very wise King...." (Marshall, p. 585)

          the Fart: Eystein I of Vestfold; Pierre II of Cyprus; Pippin of Herstal; Sancho I of Leon

          the Fat Boy Monaco: Rainier III of Monaco

          the Fat Scotch Cook: Elizabeth, the Queen Mother

          the Fat Adonis of Forty: George IV of Great Britain

          the Fat Adonis of Fifty: George IV of Great Britain

          the Father: August I of Saxony

          Father Augustus: August I of Saxony

          Father Max: Maximilian I of Bavariathe Father and Friend of the People: Henri IV of France

          Father and Prince: Augustus of the Roman Empire

          Father of American Descriptive Ornithology: Charles Lucien Bonaparte

          Father of the Army: Basil II of the Byzantine Empire

          Father of the Austrian Concordat: Joseph Othmar Rauscher, Prince-Bishop of Vienna

          Father of British Inland Navigation: Francis Egerton of Bridgewater

          Father of Castilian Prose: Alfonso X of Castile

          the Father of the Communes: Louis VI of France

          the Father of the Constitutional Church: Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord

          the Father of Corruption: Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford

          the Father of the Czech Nation: Karl IV of the Holy Roman Empire,

          Father of His Country: Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici

          Father of Modern Armies: Gustav II Adolf of Sweden.
          "Gustavus II is attributed with a number of technical innovations, including the paper bullet cartridges, light mobile artillery, lightening the muskets and abolishing the musket rest. He also innovated administrative reforms, conscripting large standing armies, developing the infantry brigade, improving military logistics and standardizing artillery calibers. Gustavus’ tactical innovations included perfecting dashing cavalry charges, offensive infantry formations, volley fire and close artillery support to clear the way in front rapid infantry or cavalry advances. Numerous military historians have gone so far as to call him 'the Father of Modern Armies.'

          Father of the Conquest: Mehmed II of the Ottoman. Empire.  
          "...The Arabic epithet Ebu'l-Feth, that is, 'Father of the Conquest,' by which, side by side with Fatih, 'Conqueror,' Mehmed began to be known after the conquest of Constantinople, goes back many years and was applied to Seljuk sultans at the beginning of the thirteenth century." (Babinger, et. al., p. 108)

          Father of the People and of the Aristocracy: Leopold of Lorraine

          Father of Trench Warfare: Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba, Duke of Terranova

          Father of Tsarism: Ivan IV of Russia

          Father of the Villages and the Workers of the Land: Carol II of Romania

          Father of the Western Rule in the Orient: Afonso de Albuquerque

          Fatuous: Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici

          Favoured Child of Victory: Andre Massena

          Favourite : Ibrahim Pasha, 28th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman EmpireFavourite Grandmother: Elizabeth the Queen Mother

          the Fearful: Garcia Sanchez II of Pamplona. "Sancho Abarca's son, Garcia, survived him as heir and king in the land. He would start to tremble whenever he was about to enter battle, or undertake an expedition, or engage in any other perilous enterprise. People therefore called him Garcia the Fearful Nevertheless, whenever the world needed the services of a brave knight, he was there." (The Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña: 13)

          Fearful Lion of the North: Jan III Sobieki of Poland

          Fearless and Faultless: Pierre Terrail, Seigneur de Bayard

          Fearsome: Ivan IV of Russia

          Ferdinand of Antequera: Fernando I of AragonFerreol: Godfrey II of the Gatinais

          Fergus of the Black Teeth: Fergus Dubdetach

          Flagellum Dei: Attila the Hun

          Flower of English Manhood: Philip Sidney

          Feisty: Dedo of WettinFemale Maecenas: Mary Wortley Montagu

          Ferdinand V the Good: Ferdinand I of Austria

          Fergie: Sarah, Duchess of York

          Fernando Naso (by Wilhelm II of Germany): Ferdinand I of Bulgaria

          Fernando of Antequera: Fernando I of Aragon

          Ferrante: Ferdinando I of Naples

          Ferrantino, Ferrandino: Ferdinando II of Naples

          Fersen the Younger: Axel von Fersen

          Festive: Finnachta Fleadhach

          Fierce: Alexander I of Scotland

          Fiery Dragon: Vuk Brankovic of Serbia 

          Fiery-Face: James II of Scotland

          Fighting Charlie: Charles Stewart

          Fighting FitzGerald: George Robert FitzGerald

          Filosofo: Lorenzino de' Medici

          Filthy Phil: Philip van Artevelde 

          Firebrand: Ranulf FlambardFirebrand to Poor France (by Drayton): John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. "Bedford, John, Duke of, brother of King Henry V, and Regent of France during the minority of his nephew. 'The firebrand to poor France,' as he is styled by Drayton...." (The Art Journal, p. 34) 

          First Captain of Europe: Frederick Schomberg

          First Castilian Humanist: Pedro Lopez de Ayala

          First Christian: Clovis I

          First Citizen of Athens: Pericles

          First Critical and Philosophical Historian Since Classical Times: Philippe de Commines

          First Duke of Christendom: Philippe III of Burgundy

          First Europeanizer of Spain: Sancho III of Pamplona

          First Female Historian: Anna Komnena

          First Gentleman of Europe: Charles X of France; George IV of Great Britain. "George IV was called 'the first gentleman in Europe,' because he was handsome, and had fine manners, very different from those of his homely father. He tried to make friends with all his people through his fine manners...." (Marshall, p. 585). 

          First Great Woman Poet in the Italian Language: Vittoria Colonna

          First Grenadier of France: Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne (by Napoleon I)

          First Lady of the Turf: Elizabeth, the Queen Mother

          First Known Troubadour: Guillaume IX of Aquitaine. "Eleanor was a true Aquitainian, willful and independent. She had inherited her family's love of poetry and adventure. As a little girl she had listened with rupture to her grandfather, Duke William IX, singing romantic love songs. He was the first known troubadour---a poet musician who composed his own verses and melodies. In those days most people wrote in Latin, but Duke William used the common dialect everybody could understand and enjoy. William was also the very model of a courageous, gallant knight, an ideal Eleanor would never forget...." (Brooks, p. 11)First Patriot King of Modern Times: Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire. "... He was the first patriot king of modern times, and his proud motto 'My honour is German honour, and German honour is my honour,' shows us how he felt himself one in joy and sorrow, in defeat and in glory, with his people." (Hare, p. xx)

          First Servant of the State: Friedrich II of Prussia

          First True King of All England: Athelstan of England

          First Truly Modern Writer: Philippe de Commines

          First Woman Ever to be Awarded a University Degree: Elena Lucrezia Cornaro-Piscopia

          Fitz-Osbert of France (French Fitz-Osbert): Thibaut IV of Champagne

          Flaming Idler: Grigori Orlov. "Such a crushing opinion of the intellectual and business talents of her former lover, whom she had adored at the beginning of their life together, reveals one thing: they had been using heir time differently and approached their parting as different people. Grigorii carelessly passed away the years, only occasionally imitating some kind of serious activity (Catherine gave him the appropriate nickname of the 'flaming idler')...." (Anisimov, p. 305)
          Flaminus: Dietrich I in Veluwe

          Flanders Mare: Anne of Cleves

          Flat-Nosed, Flat Nose: Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain, Prince of Gwynedd; Ketil Flatnose 

          Flatterer: Vitellius of the Roman Empire

          Flesaurs (Twister): Aethelfrith of Northumbria

          Flower of Normandy: Emma of Normandy

          Flower of Paradise: Francois Hyacinth of Savoy

          Flower of Strahearn: Carolina, Baroness Nairne

          Foggy: Peter Mark Andrew Phillips

          Force of Destiny: Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan

          Foreign King: Jan I of Bohemia

          Former: Constantine II of Greece

          Formidable: Ivan IV of Russia

          Fortune Prince: Enrique of Aragon

          Fortune's Empress: Elizabeth I of England 

          Foulques V of Anjou: Foulques of Jerusalem 

          Found: Peter II of Pskov

          Founder of Cities: Barnim I of Pomerania

          Founder of Chivalry in Germany: Henry I of Germany

          Founder of Klosterneuburg: Leopold III of Austria

          Founder of the Netherlands: Philippe III of Burgundy

          Founding Father of the Parliament: Simon de Montfort 

          Foundling King: Philippe VI of France
          Four Marys: Mary Beaton; Mary Seton; Mary Fleming

          Fox of Mecklenburg: Albrecht II of Mecklenburg

          Fowler: Henry I of Germany

          Fradawg: Aedan mac Gabrain

          Frail: Stefan Uros V of Serbia

          Franceschiello: Francesco II of the Two Sicilies

          Francis Mor: Francis Macnab

          Francis of Lorraine: Franz I of the Holy Roman Empire

          Francis Prochazka (Walker): Franz Joseph I of Austria

          Francois Monsieur: Francois of Bourbon

          Frank: Alfonso III of Aragon

          Frantisek Prochazka: Franz Joseph I of Austria

          Freckled: Domnall I of Dalriada

          Frederick of Bitsch: Frederic I of Lorraine

          Frederick of Hohenstaufen: Friedrich I of the Holy Roman Empire

          Frederick of Staufen: Friedrich I of Swabia

          Frederick of the Empty Pocket: Friedrich IV of Austria

          Fredlose: Edgar of England

          Frederick of the Bitten Cheek: Friedrich I of Meissen

          Free: Alfonso III of Aragon

          Free-Booter: Asmund of Denmark

          Free King: Henri IV of France

          French Achilles: Michel Ney

          French Ajax: Jean Lannes

          French Alexander: Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé 

          French Fabius: Anne de Montmorency

          Louis IX of France the Solomon of France, the French Solomon:

          French Tacitus: Philippe de Commines

          French Tibullus: Évariste de Forges de Parny

          French Woman: Eleonore d'Olbreuse

          Friedrich II of Prussia the Marquis de Brandenburg

          Fritz der Einzige: Friedrich II of Prussia

          Fritzli: Friedrich of Hohenzollern

          Frump Tower: Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall

          Fugitive: Alexandru of Moldavia

          Fum the Fourth: George IV of Great Britain 

          Gabrán mac Domangair: Gabran of Dalriada

          Gaffer Goodrich: Henry I of England

          Gallant King: Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy

          Gallic Bully: William III of England

          Gallic Hercules: Henri IV of France

          Garcia Abarca: García Sánchez I of Pamplona. "King Garcia was pious, magnanimous, kind, energetic, and so generous that he never refused anyone anything that was asked of him. Because he marched on foot with the infantry as his father had, was a comrade to his vassals, and sometimes went about in peasant sandals, they called him Garcia Abarca." (The Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña: 13); Garcia Sanchez II of Pamplona

          Garcia I of Navarre: 

          Garcia IV of Pamplona: García Sánchez I of Pamplona

          Garcia V of Pamplona: García Sánchez I of Pamplona

          Garcia VI of Pamplona: García Sánchez I of Pamplona

          Garcia VII of Pamplona: García Sánchez I of Pamplona

          Garcia from Najera: Garcia Sanchez III of PamplonaGarcia the Bad: Garcia Galindez of Aragon. "The small county of Aragon seems soon to have come under the suzerainty of Pamplona, to which it was linked geographically. This resulted from a family drama recorded in one of the tenth-century genealogies preserved in the Roda codex. The elder son of Count Asnar, called Centolle, have made fun of his brother-in-law, was murdered by him. This man, known as Garcia 'the Bad,' with the assistance of Inigo Arista of Pamplona and some unidentified Mauros, that is to say Arabs or Berbers, then evicted Asnar from his county. This may be related to the latter's involvement in the disastrous campaign of 824. Garcia, divorcing Asnar's daughter Matrona, married an unnamed daughter of Inigo Arista, whose suzerainty he accepted, which the unfortunate Asnar was compensated with appointment to the newly created office of Count of Cerdanya and Urgell in Catalonia by the emperor Louis 'the Pious'." (Early Medieval Spain: 247)

          Garcia the Restorer: Garcia Ramirez of Navarre

          Garret the Great: Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare

          Garwin (Fr. Blanches-Jambes): Cynan Garwyn

          Gascon: Karl XIV Johan of Sweden 

          Gashed (Fr. Balafre): Henri I of Guise

          Gatekeeper of the Alps: Amedee VIII of Savoy

          Gay Duchess of Gordon: Jean Maxwell

          Gearoid Mor: Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare

          Gem of Normandy: Emma of Normandy 

          Gendarme of Europe: Nikolai I of Russia

          General: Mikhael VI of the Byzantine Empire

          Gentle: Friedrich II of Saxony

          Gentleman: Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire

          Gentle Lochiel: Donald Cameron of Lochiel

          Gentleman-King: Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy

          Gentleman of Gascony:Henri IV of France

          Gentler Master William: Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford 

          Genius: Victor Amedee II of Sardinia (1666-1732)

          Geoffroy Plantagenet: Geoffroy V of Anjou Geoffroy the Hammer: Geoffroy II of Anjou. "...Geoffrey Martel was one of a handful of dominant princes who were determining the character and shape of France in the High Middle Ages. His power ran from the Saintonge to Maine, from the Mauges to the Touraine." (Fanning, p. 4) . "...On the same day when Theobald encamped opposite Blere Geoffrey reached Montlouis, a hill on the south bank of the Loire, about half way between Tours and Amboise. Next morning the men of Blois resumed their march; turning in a north-westerly direction they were met at a place called Noit by the Angevins coming down from Montlouis. The Hammer of Anjou, ever foremost in fight, headed the attack on the enemy's centre; his faithful Lisoy came up, as he had promised, at the head of his contingent, and threw himself on their right wing. What followed scarcely deserved the name of a battle. The army of the brother-counts seemed spell-bound, and made no resistance at all; Stephen took to flight at once and escaped with a few knights; the rest of the troops of Blois and Champagne were utterly defeated and taken prisoners almost in a body....." (Norgate, p. 186)

          Geordie Whelps: George I of Great Britain

          George Castriota: Skanderberg

          George Pasha: Charles George Gordon

          George Plantagenet: George, 1st Duke of Clarence

          Georg the Bearded: Georg of Saxony. "Georg later learned from experience what it means to have one's family dispersed by death. The last years of his life were saddened by the death in rapid succession of his wife Barbara of Poland in 1534 and nine children. For grief he let his beard grow, thus acquiring the epithet "the Bearded.'...." (Mennonite Encyclopedia)

          George the Greater: George IV of Great Britain

          George the Guelph: George I of Great Britain

          George the Mad: George III of Great Britain. 

          Known as the “Mad King Who Lost America”, George III of the United Kingdom was nevertheless one of the longest reigning British monarchs. His rule that lasted nearly 60 years (from October 1760 to January 1820) is above all remembered for the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) and the subsequent loss of the American colonies but it is also remembered for the King’s ill health, both physical and mental. According to some recent findings, his “madness” might have been a side effect of medications he has been taking to relieve the many health problems. Whatever was the cause of his mental instability, George III finally “lost it” in 1811. He spent the last years of his life in seclusion of the Windsor Castle, stripped of all power that was assumed by his son and successor, the later George IV.

          George the Sailor-Prince: George V of Great Britain

          George the Turnip Head: George I of Great Britain

          George the Turnip-Hoer: George I of Great Britain

          George VI of Great Britain Bertie, the Dutiful King, ,the Industrial Prince; the Unexpected King

          Giorgi the Illustrious: Giorgi VI of Georgia

          Giorgi the Little: Giorgi VI of Georgia

          Giorgi the Minor: Giorgi VI of Georgia

          Giorgi the Resplendent: Giorgi IV of Georgia

          Giorgi the Small: Giorgi VI of Georgia

          Gerald Bishop-Elect of St. David's: Gerald of Wales

          Gerald de Barri: Gerald of Wales 

          Gerald the Archdeacon: Gerald of Wales

          Gerald the Marcher: Gerald of Wales

          Gerald the Poet: Gerald FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Desmond

          Gerald the Rhymer: Gerald FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Desmond

          Gerald the Welshman: Gerald of Wales

          Gerard of Alsace: Gerard of Lorraine

          German: Guillaume II of Burgundy; Ludwig the German; Peter I of Hungary; Salvestro dei Medici

          German Alcibiades: Albrecht II of Brandenburg

          German Achilles: Albrecht III of Brandenburg

          German George: George I of Great Britain

          German Hector: Albrecht III of Saxony; Joachim II of Brandenburg

          German Messalina: Barbara of Celje

          German Nestor: Joachim I of Brandenburg

          German Ulysses: Albrecht III of Brandenburg 

          Gernobadatus: Eustace II of Boulogne

          Geronimo de Grimaldi la Bel Abbe.

          Gerrallt Gymro: Gerald of Wales

          Giacomo I of Sicily: Jaume II of Aragon

          Giafer: Louis de Bourbon (1667-1683)

          Gidon: Andronikos I of Trebizond

          Gilbert the Red: Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester. "Richard de Clare's heir, Gilbert (1243-95) - Gilbert 'the Red' as he was known after the fiery color of his hair - was to become involved in the turbulent English politics of the 1260s. At the time of his father's death Gilbert was a minor, though he was given possession of the Gloucester estates in 1263...." (Thomas)

          Gillean of the Bttle Axe (na Tuiaghe): Gillean, 1st Chief of MacLean (1210–1300)

          Gillebride of the Cave: Gillebride Mac Gilledomnan

          Ginger: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Ginger Bullet Magnet: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Ginger Tot: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Giovanni dalle Bande Nerre: Lodovico de' Medici

          Giovanni di Bicci: Giovanni de' Medici

          Giovannino: Lodovico de' Medici

          Giraldus Cambrensis: Gerald of Wales

          Girl Queen: Christina of Sweden

          Giuliano il Bel Giulio: Giuliano de' Medici

          Glabro: Arduin III of Turin

          Glazaty: Boris, Prince Glazaty; Dmitri of Glazaty

          Glipping (Clipping, Klipping): Eric V of Denmark

          Gloomy Earl: James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale

          Gloriana: Elizabeth I of England

          Glorious Duke: Branimir of Croatia

          Glorious Protestant Hero: Friedrich II of PrussiaGlory of Her Sex: Elizabeth I of EnglandGlory of Italy: Giovanna I of Naples. "Such was the end of Queen Joan I, a most excellent lady, who, being, brought up under the tuition of King Robert, and of the virtuous and prudent Queen Sancia, governed the kingdom n time of peace with so much prudence and justice, that she acquired the name of the wisest queen that ever sat upon a throne, as clearly evinced by the few laws she left, all of them for restoring the ancient discipline both in the tribunals and the magistracy; and by the testimony of two famous lawyers who flourished in her time... And though then by the vulgar, and afterwards by some writers she had been charged with having had a hand in the death of Andrew her first husband; nevertheless from the many proofs which she gave of her innocence, the best and wisest men of those times looked upon her to be altogether innocent; and the character which Angelo gives her in his Advices, is a most convincing argument of it, wherein he calls her, Most Pious, an Ornament to the World, and the Glory of Italy...." (Giannone, p. 258)

          Glory of War: Leopold I of Austria

          God of the Peasants: Floris V of Holland

          God of Whiggish Idolatry: Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux

          Godfrey the Courageous: Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine. "The first ancestor to become duke was Godfrey, surnamed the Courageous. He had been count of Verdun and about 1012 was invested by Emperor Henry II with the duchy of Lower Lorraine. He repaid the emperor with unflinching loyalty. When he died in 1023 without issue, the duchy passed to his brother Gozelo or Gothelon, who had, since 1008, been count of Antwerp...." (Andressohn, p. 9)

          Godfrey of Bouillon: "The most important of the allodial possessions was the district which comprised many villages and lay around the formidable castle of Bouillon... It was a small territory, situated between Luxemburg and the Champagne, containing about fifty square miles. The castle was originally built by Charles Martel as part of the defense on the boundaries of Austrasia. It was strongly protected by nature, was situated on a steep cliff on the left bank of the Semois, and was as awesome as it was terrifying to the neighboring regions... It had been a family possession for at least a century, and was extremely valuable because of its strategic position and its great strength... This stronghold brought Godfrey the appellation that clung to him throughout his life, Godfrey of Bouillon." (Andressohn, pp. 30-31)

          Godfrey of Brabant: Geoffroy II of Lower Lorraine

          Godfrey the Hunchback: Godfrey IV of Lower Lorraine. "...Godfrey junior was small in stature and had a hunchback, but in spite of his physical handicap, he became a respected leader. Lambert of Hersfeld described him as prestantis quidem animi adolescens, sed gibbosus, a young man indeed with an excellent mind, but with a hump. Later, Alberic de Trois-Fontaines said: corpore exiguous tamen animo eximius, a small (or weak) body but an excelling spirit." (Nieuwenhuijsen)

          Godless Regent: Philippe II of Orleans (by Pope). "Godfrey III, surnamed the Hunchback, Godfrey of Bouillon's uncle, was the last member of the male branch of this illustrious family. He was born about 1045 and was duke of Lower Lorraine from December 24, 1060 to February 26, 1076. During this period of slightly more than six years his life was crammed with martial enterprise, in which he, despite his deformity, proved himself an able and fearless warrior, worthy of the stock from which he sprang...." (Andressohn, p. 14)

          Godly: Bogislaw XIII of Pomerania

          God-Loving: Andrei Bogolyubsky

          God Noll: Oliver Cromwell (by Crouch)

          Goldbeard: Harald, Ruler of Sogn

          Gold-Decked Maid: Elizabeth of Kiev

          Golden Boy: Giuliano de' Medici

          Golden King (It. il Re de Oro): Gustav II Adolf of Sweden. "The promise of his youth was more than fulfilled by his reign of twenty-one years. He grew tall and strikingly handsome despite the corpulence of his later years. He was as blond as those ancient Gothic ancestors of whom he was overfond and had large round eyes sent in a long face. His hair was white and his 'pointed beard of an almost golden hue'; the Italians called him 'il re d'oro.'" (Scott, pp. 164-165)

          Golden King of the North: Gustav II Adolf of Sweden. "Gustavus Adolphus was a man of commanding presence, tall and of a heavy frame. The color of his face was clear and light, his eyes blue, his hair and beard blond. Foreign contemporary authors called him "the golden king of the North." He carried his head high, and his open, frank eye, and the clear voice of manly resonance, gave added charm to his noble appearance. Gustavus Adolphus possessed a majestic dignity of bearing coupled with the unfeigned kindness of a noble heart." (Old & Sold)

          Gonzalo de Cordoba: Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba, Duke of Terranova

          Good and Wise: Jean V of Brittanyl Rene of Naples

          Good Duchess: Elizabeth Brodie, Duchess of Gordon; Lucrezia Borgia

          Good Duke Humphrey: Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester

          Good Earl of Hereford: Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford

          Good-Hearted Rhedey: Francis, Prince of Transylvania

          Josephine, Empress of the French.[Pix]
          Marie-Joseph-Rose de Tascher de La Pagerie.
          Josephine de Beauharnais
          the Good Josephine: the Good Josephine (Fr. la Bonne Josephine): "There was a heart so kind in the Famous Woman of whom we are now to speak that the world, viewing her life carefully, has called her 'La Bonne Josephine', the Good Josephine. It sometimes happens that the attendance of the grateful poor at the funeral ceremonies of the benevolent is the only true measure of the good that the deceased did while living; and, by this measure, the Empress Josephine took on great fame, because her death happened at a moment when popular opinion was running strongly against Napoleon, and yet two thousand of the poor whom in life she had befriended, surrounded the little church at Rueil and silently paid the tribute of affectionate memory that few receive." (oldandsold.com-Josephine)
          the Incomparable Josephine:
          the Rose of Beauharnais:
          the Rose of Martinique:

          Good King James: Jaume II of Mallorca

          Good King Rene (Fr. le Bon Ron Rene): Rene I of Naples

          Good King: Umberto I of Italy 

          Good King Henry: Henri IV of France

          Good King James: Jaime II of Mallorca. ". . . The last years of James II were of peace and excellent government. He was known as el bon rei Jaume (the good king James). He founded eleven new villages in the main island around 1300. He stabilized the financial life and ordered to mint Majorca coin. He protected his friend Ramon Llull." (Catalan Encyclopedia) 

          Good King Wenceslas: Vaclav I of Bohemia

          Good Knight:Pierre Terrail, Seigneur de Bayard

          Good Lady of Montreuil (Fr. Bonne Dame de Montreuil): Elisabeth of France

          Good Marquis: Odo of Apulia

          Good Mother: Maria II of Portugal

          Good-Natured: Louis I of the Holy Roman Empire

          Good Old Teddy: Edward VII of United Kingdom

          Good Queen: Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England

          Good Queen Anne: Anne of Great Britain

          Good Queen Bess: Elizabeth I of England

          Good Queen Claude: Claude of Brittany

          Good Queen Maude: Edith of Scotland

          Good Queen of France: Claude of France, Queen of France

          Good Seed of Hercules: Ippolito d'Este, Archbishop of Esztergom

          Good Sir James: James Douglas, Lord of Douglas

          Good and Wise: Jean VI of Brittany

          Goodly: Ferdinand I of Austria

          Goodman of Ballengeich: James V of Scotland

          Goodman Palsgrave: Friedrich V of Palatinate

          Goody Goderich: Frederick John Robinson

          Goody Palsgrave: Elizabeth of England

          Goliath: Antonio I of Monaco; George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham

          Gordon Pasha: Charles George Gordon

          Gordon of Khartoum: Charles George Gordon

          Gorm the Old: Gorm of Denmark

          Goth: Pelayo of Asturias

          Gothic Alexander: Ermanaric of the Ostrogoths

          Gothicus: Claudius II 

          Gottingen: Ernst I of Brunswick-Gottingen

          Gottorp Fury: Friedrich IV of Holstein-Gottorp

          Grammarian: Philippe of Alencon

          Grand Alcandre; Henri IV of France

          Grand Captain: Gonzalvo de Cordova

          Grand Dauphine: Beatrice of Faucigny

          Grandmother of Europe: Victoria of the United Kingdom 

          Grandson: Dmitri VI of Moscow

          Granville of A Former Age: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (by Pope)

          Great Baron: Thierry III of Montbeliard

          Great Bastard of Savoy: Antoine of Burgundy; Rene of Savoy

          Great Beard: Baudouin IV of Flanders

          Great Captain of Guise: Francois of Guise

          Great Carnot: Lazare Carnot

          Great Chief: Malcolm III of Scotland

          Great Commoner: William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham

          Great Conde: Louis II of Bourbon, Prince of Conde

          Great Corrupter: Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford

          Great Count: Amedee V of Savoy; Ruggiero I of Sicily

          Great Countess of Ormonde: Margaret FitzGerald, Matilda of Tuscany

          Great Cuckold: Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex

          Great Dauphine: Marguerite of Burgundy

          Great Devil: Giovanni dalle Bande Nere

          Great Duke: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

          Great Duke of Osuna: Pedro Tellez-Giron, 3rd Duke of Osuna

          Great Duke of the West: Philippe III of Burgundy

          Great Earl FitzGerald: Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare

          Great Earl of Cork: Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

          Great Earl of Douglas: Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus

          Great Earl of Kildare: Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare,

          Great Elector: Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg

          Great Esclaramonde: Esclaramonde de Foix

          Great Female Ruler: Adelaide del Vasto

          Great Founder of the Persian Name: Cyrus of Persia

          Great Guise: Francois of Guise

          Great-Headcam: Malcolm III of Scotland

          Great and Holy: Stefan III of Moldavia

          Great Hound: Maelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon

          Great Landgravine: Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt

          Great Leviathan of Men: Oliver Cromwell

          Great Logothete: Nicephorus I of Byzantine Empire

          Great Lord of Greek: Richard Grosvenor, Lord Belgrave

          Great Lord of Kilmarnock: Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd

          Great Margravine: Matilda of Tuscany

          Great Marshal: Philip de Keith, 2nd Earl Marshal of England

          Great Merchant of Florence: Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici

          Great Monarch: Louis XIV of France

          Great Montrose: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose

          Great Mouravi: Giorgi Saakadze

          Great Nabob: Lord Holland (by Lady Caroline Lamb)

          Great Papist: Hendrik van Brederode

          Great Patron of Mankind: George II of Great Britain. "...So Alexander Pope, in his Imitations of Horace (II. i. 1) calls George II, King of England." (Frey, p. 144)

          Great Prior: Henry FitzJames, 1st Duke of Albermarle

          Great Restorer: Carlos III of Spain

          Great Seneschal: Guillermo Raymundo II, Lord of Moncada

          Great She-Elephant: Margaret Thatcher

          Great Sovereign's Brother-in-Law: Boris Godunov

          Great Sow: Isabella of Bavaria, Queen of France (by Parisians)

          Great Turk: Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire

          Great Unwashed Peasant King: Ferdinando I of the Two Sicilies

          Great Vendome: Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendome

          Great Verulam: Francis Bacon

          Great Vladika: Peter II Petrović-Njegoš of Montenegro

          Great Whore: Anne Boleyn, Queen of England

          Greatest Ass and the Greatest Beast in the Whole World: Frederick, Prince of Wales

          Greatest Baron in All Picardy: Enguerrand III of Coucy

          Greatest Brazilian: Pedro II of Brazil

          Greatest Debauchee of the Age: Willem III of the Netherlands

          Greatest Knight that Ever Lived: William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke

          Greatest of All Hungarians: István Széchenyi

          Greatest of the Magyars: István Széchenyi

          Greatest Man Uncrowned: Alvaro de Luna

          Greatest Name of My Military Empire: Andre Massena

          Greatest Prince in Christendom: George IV of Great Britain.

          Greatest Villain that Ever was Born: Frederick, Prince of Wales 

          Greatest Woman of the German Middle Ages: Elisabeth of Hungary

          Greatbeard: Baudouin IV of Flanders

          Grecque: Princess Palatine Elisabeth of Bohemia

          Greek: Heinrich II of Brunswick-Grubenhagen 

          Greenlander: Haakon Sigurdsson 

          Green Count: Amedee VI of Savoy

          Green Gallant: Henri IV of France

          Green Knight: Louis I of Burgundy, Count of Auxerre 

          Green Monkey: Louis III of Conde

          Green Prince: Albert II of Monaco

          Gregory Potemkin: Grigory Potyomkin

          Grey Cloak: Carl XI of Sweden

          Greyhide: Geoffroy I of Anjou; Geoffroy III of Vendome

          Greymantle: Geoffroy I of Anjou; Geoffroy III of Vendome

          Greysteel, Grey Steel: Archibald Douglas of Kilspindle

          Grim: Aubrey III de Vere

          Grippe-Lune: Claude Victor-Perrin, Duke de Bellumo

          Gros Madam: Marie-Clotilde of France

          Gross: James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas

          Grosse Levere: Friedrich III of the Holy Roman Empire

          Grysilde the Seconde (Gresyld, Grysild, Grysilde): Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England

          Guaff: Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy

          Guardian: Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire

          Guardian Angel of France: Marie Antoinette of Austria (by the French)

          Guardian Angel of Portugal: Catherine of Braganza

          Gudeman of Ballengeich: James V of Scotland.

          Gurranfondaio: Albrecht II of Brandenburg

          Guercio: Enrico I del Caretto

          Guishart: David, Earl of Huntingdon

          Guillaume the Bold: Guillaume VII of Aquitaine

          Guillaume the Great: Guillaume V of Aquitaine

          Guillaume the Minstrel: Guillaume IX of Aquitaine

          Guillaume the Saint: Guillaume X of Aquitaine

          Guillaume the Touloussan (Fr. le Toulousain): Guillaume X of Aquitaine

          Guillaume the Troubadour: Guillaume IX of Aquitaine

          Gustav Adolf the Great: Gustav II Adolf of Sweden."Gustavus Adolphus ascended the throne of Sweden, on the death of his father. His enterprizes (sic), his victories, his talent for war, and genius for government, together with the virtues of his heart, and the qualifications of his mind, made all Europe bestow on him the epithet of Great." (Lacombe, p. 6)

          Gustav II Adolf of Sweden
          Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden:

          Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy the Hadrian of Piedmont:

          Clodio; Wifredo of Barcelona the Hairy

          Bernard II of Auvergne the Hairyfoot

          Carlo II of Naples the Halter of Jerusalem

          Leopold I of Austria the Habsburgs' Sword

          Hanging Judge: John Toler, 1st Earl of Norbury

          Hannibal of Russian: Alexander Suvorov

          Hapkin: Baudouin VII of Flanders

          Hapless Bride: Catarina of Portugal

          Happy: Amedee IX of Savoy; Dietrich of Oldenburg

          Happy Prince: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Hard: Ludwig II of Thuringia

          Hard-Head: Cairbre Cinnchait

          Hard-Headed: Dmitri of Pereslavl

          Hard-Pressed: Dietrich IX of Cleves

          Hard-ruler: Harald III of Norway 

          Hare-Lipped: Thorgils Skarthi

          Harlequin: Karl V of the Holy Roman Empire (by Francois I of France); Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford

          Harry: Maud, Queen of Norway

          Harry Pothead: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Harry Potty: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Harry Twitcher: Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux

          Harry the Hero: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Harry the Hoody: Henry, Duke of Sussex

          Harthacanute (Dan. Harthaknud, Tough-knot): Knud III of Denmark

          Harty Tarty: Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire

          Joseph II of the Holy Roman Empire the Hatted King

          Haughty: Eric VI of Sweden

          He of Antequera: Fernando I of Aragon

          He of Barbastro: Ermengol III of Urgell

          He of Castile: Ermengol VI of Urgell

          He of Castroserio: Fernando Muñoz of Castile

          He of Cordoba: Ermengol I of Urgell

          He of Gerp: Ermengol IV of Urgell

          He of the Favours (Sp. El de las Mercedes): Enrique II of Castile

          He of the Gifts (Sp. El de las Mercedes): Enrique II of Castile

          He of the Good Laws (Sp. El de los Buenos Fueros): Sancho I of Castil

          He of the Little Dagger (Sp. El del Punyalet): Pedro IV of Aragon

          He of the Mercies (Sp. El de las Mercedes): Enrique II of Castile

          He of Mayeruca: Ermengol V of Urgell

          He of Mollerussa: Ermengol V of Urgell

          He of Najera: Garcia Sanchez III of Pamplona

          He of Peñalen: Sancho IV of Pamplona

          He of Salado River (Sp. El del Rio Salado): Alfonso XI of Castile

          He of San Hilario: Ermengol VIII of Urgell

          He of Valencia: Ermengol VII of Urgell

          He of the Victory at Las Navas (Sp. El de las Navas): Alfonso VIII of Castile

          He of the White Hands: García Fernández of Castile

          Hearty James: James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan

          Heaven-born Hero: Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive (by the Earl of Chatham)

          Heaven-born Youth: Augustus Caesar (by Virgil in Pastorals)

          Heavenly Heroine: Christina of Sweden

          Hector of Germany: Albrecht III of Saxony; Joachim II of Brandenburg

          Hector of the West of Europe: Domnall IV ua Neill of Ireland

          Hector of the Western World: Muircheartach of Ailech

          Heir: Friedrich III of Nuremberg

          Helen of Spain: Florinda (or Cava), daughter of St, Julian

          Helen of the Middle Ages: Isabella of Angouleme, Queen of England

          Helen of Wales: Nest verch Rhys

          Helen of Troy of Wales: Nest verch Rhys 

          Helena of Constantinople the Helena of the Cross

          James I of England the Heliogabalus of Scotland

          Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire the Helpful

          Henri Quartre: Henri IV of France

          Henri II of Lorraine the Good

          Henry Beauclerc: Henry I of England

          Henry of Trastamara: Enrique II of Castile

          Henry VI the Mad of England: 

          Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany Her Father's Guardian Angel: 

          Beatrice of York Her Royal Work Shyness: 

          David Komnenos of Trebizond the Herald and Forerunner of Alexios [Ref] [Ref] [Ref]

          Jerzy Radziwill Hercules: 

          Henri IV of France the Hercules of France

          Jerzy Radziwill the Hercules of Lithuania

          August II of Saxony the Hercules of Saxony

          Commodus of the Roman Empire the Second Hercules (by himself)

          William II of England the Herdsman of the Wild Beasts: 

          Eochaid I of Ireland Heremon: 

          Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire Hermes Trismegistus of Germany (the German Hermes Trismegistus):

          Amedeo VIII of Savoy the Hermit of La Ripaille: 

          Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford Hermodactyl: 

          Ferenc Nadasdy of Nadasd the Hero of Kolin

          Nikola Subic Zrinski the Hero of Sziget

          Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson the Hero of the Hundred Battles

          Louis-René, Prince de Rohan-Guéméné the Hero of the Necklace (by Wordsworth)

          Hero of the Nile: Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

          Francois Christophe Kellermann the Hero of Valmy

          Crimthann Nia Nair the Heroic

          Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri, Seljuk Sultan, the Heroic Lion (Alp Arslan)

          Inês de Castro the Heron's Neck

          Franz Joseph I of Austria Herr Schratt: 

          Thorkell the Tall High: 

          William the Silent the High-Born Demosthenes

          Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke High-Mettled Harry: 

          Charles Edward Stuart the Highland Laddie

          Etienne de Vignolles Hire: 

          Oliver Cromwell His Noseship (by Marchamont Needham)

          Johann I of Palatinate-Zweibrucken the Historian: 

          Richard III of England Hogge: 

          Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo Holder of Two Antecedences: 

          the Holiest Harlot: Eleanor Talbot

          the Holy and Blessed: Konstantin of Murom

          the Holy Constable: Nuno Alvares Pereira 

          the Holy Duchess: Francoise d'Amboise 

          the Holy Duke: Francis Xavierthe Holy Leopold (Ger. der Heilige Leopold): Leopold III of Austria 

          the Holy Virgin: Earcongota of Kent 

          the Holy Warrior: Osman I of the Ottoman Empire

          the Homeric Ajax: Moritz de Saxe

          the Homosexual: Francisco of Spain

          the Hon. Mrs. Vane: Anne Vane

          the Honest: Fernando I of Aragon

          Honest George: George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle

          the Honeyed-Cat (It. Gattamelata): Erasmo of Narni 

          the Honourable: Friedrich IV of Palatinate; Friedrich August I of Saxony

          Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma the Honorary Grandfather

          Charles, Prince of Wales the Honorary Grandson

          Pedro V of Portugal the Hopeful

          Horatius Cocles of the Tyrol: Thomas-Alexandre Dumas

          Ḥosaynqolī Khan: Vakhtang VI of Kartli

          Henry Percy Hotspur

          Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby the Hotspur of Debate

          Hugali: Friedrich of Hohenzollern

          Philippe de Mornay, Seigneur du Plessis Marly the Huguenot Pope (Fr. le Pape des Huguenots): 

          Peter I of Rosenberg the Humble

          Humphrey Hocus: John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough

          Attila the Hun

          Alfonso Froilaz the Hunchback

          Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona the Hunchback

          Godfrey IV of Lower Lorraine the Hunchback

          Jean II of Armagnac the Hunchback

          Ludwig VIII of Bavaria the Hunchback

          Ordoño IV of Leon the Hunchback

          Pippin the Hunchback

          the Hundred Fighter: Conn Cetchathach of Ireland

          Hungarian Janko, Jakula, Jansekula, Janko of Byzantium, Sibinyanin Janko, Ugrin Janko (Magyar Janos): "János (John) Hunyadi was a truly universal hero of his time. Legends were woven around his name not only in Magyar folklore, but also in the sagas of other peoples whose fate was connected with 15th century Hungary. Other nations went so far as to claim him as one of their own. In a Serb epic, he is Sibinyanin Janko; the Slavs generally called him Ugrin Janko (Magyar János); to the Romanians he is Jakula; and to the Bulgars and Macedonians he is Jansekula. Greek folk singers, who called him Hungarian Janko, arbitrarily changed his name to Janko of Byzantium. Dukas, the Greek historian, compared Hunyadi to the two most valiant figures of Greek mythology, Achilles and Hector." (Sisa)

          the Hungarian Lady: Clemence of Hungary

          Hungary's National Monster: Elisabeth Bathory

          the Hungry (Fr. le Famelique): Olaf I of Denmark. "Olaf's reign, which is counted from Knud's murder in 1086, and lasted till 1095, was a very unhappy one on account of the grievous famine which troubled the land all the years he ruled, and which gained for him the unpleasant surname of 'Hunger'. . . ." (Otte: 97-98)

          Hunter: Juan I of Aragon; Philibert I of Savoy

          Hunyadi: Janos Hunyadi. Hunyadi: "Janos Hunyadi was born ca. 1405/1407. His father, Voicu, was a Wallachian immigrant who became a knight-at-court (lat. aulae regie miles) in the service of king Sigismund. In 1409, for his services, the family was given the castle of Hunyad (Hunyadvár, later Vajdahunyad, rom. Hunedoara), hence the surname Hunyadi (meaning of Hunyad)."

          the Hussite: Bolko V of Silesia

          the Hussite King: George of Podebrady 

          the Hyena of Brescia: Julius Jacob von Haynau

          the Hyena of Eperjes: Antonio Caraffa

          Ianka: Anna of Kiev

          ibn-Arrik (Son of Henrique): Afonso I of Portugal

          Ibrahim the Mad: Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire. 


          the Idiot: Claudius

          Ill-fated Henry: Henry VI of England

          im Bart: Eberhard I of Wurttemberg (d.1496)

          the Imbecile: Juana of Castile

          the Immigrant (Arab. al-Dakhil): Abd ar-Rahman I of Cordoba

          the Immortal Rebel: Oliver Cromwell (by Lord Byron)

          the Impaler: Vlad III of Wallachia 

          the Impaler Prince: Vlad III of Wallachia

          the Imperial Egg-layer: Maria Theresa of Austria

          the Imperial Machiavelli: Tiberius of the Roman Empire

          Impious: Oliver Cromwell (by Cowley)

          the Impious Buffoon: Oliver Cromwell

          the Implacable: Alfonso XI of Castile

          the Impostor: Oliver Cromwell

          the Impotent: Enrique IV of Castile

          the Imbecile: Juana of Castile

          the Inconscient: Fernando I of Portugal

          the Inconstant: Fernando I of Portugal

          the Independentist: Antonio I of Portugal

          the Infamous Cannibal: James Douglas, 3rd Marquess of Queensberry

          the Infamous Northern Harlot: Elizabeth of Russia

          the Infant: Otto III of Holy Roman Empire

          the Infanta of Kent:
          Juliane de Leyburn, Baroness Leyburn. "Juliana inherited all the vast wealth and estates in Kent. She was only four years old when her father died, and wardship was granted to her grandfather in 1308. On his death, a year later, Sir Aylmer de Valance paid 1,500 pounds for the rights of her wardship, and married her to his nephew, Sir John Hastings, in 1321. She became a widow after three years of marriage and re-married to Sir Thomas de Blount, who himself died four years later. She then married Sir Thomas de Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon. Through her three marriages, Juliana became even wealthier and her estates were now so vast that she was called the 'Infanta of Kent'. Although most of her estates were held in trust, she held Leybourne Manor and Castle in her own right. Her last years were spent at Preston, near Wingham, where she died in 1367, leaving a massive estate for the time of 3,160 pounds 13 pence." (A History of Leybourne Castle: 14)
          "Sir William de Leybourne was the last of that family name to live at the castle Leybourne outside the small town of Leybourne in Kent. His son Thomas had died in a duel and so all his lands passed onto Sir William’s granddaughter Juliana de Leybourne who owned so much land in Kent that she was called the ‘The Infanta of Kent,’ but when she married the Earl of Huntington all her estates passed on to his family. With the death of the last male heir of Sir William, the King of England, Edward I (1274-1307), gave the manor of Leybourne to the Abbey of St. Mary Graces monasteries. However in the reign of Henry V111 (1509-1547), he was responsible for the dissolution of all monasteries and so over the next century it gradually fell into ruins." (Wakeling)

          the Infante: Garcia Sanchez of Castile

          Infante de Antequera: Fernando I of Aragon

          the Infirm: Enrique III of Castile

          Ingens Rebellibus Exemplar: Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond

          the Ingenuous: Fothad Airgthech; Philipp of the Palatinate

          the Inlassable: Bezmer

          the Inspired: Felipe V of Spain

          the Intellectual Eunuch: Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderrythe Intermediate: Johann I of Nassau-Dillenburg (1561–1623)

          the Intolerable Woman: Anna Radziwill

          the Intrepid: Boleslaw I of Poland

          the Intruder: Diego Lopez IV de Haro

          the Invincible Soldier: Edward, Prince of Wales

          Iñigo Arista (Aritza, Aiza:) Iñigo I of Pamplona. "He was so enthusiastic and eager to wage constant war against the Saracens that he hardly rested, or even wished to rest, a single day without carrying the battle to them. Because of his impatience, he acquired the nickname of Arista. Just as the tip of an ear of wheat burns easily when touched by a flame, so too King Iñigo burned with desire to face the Moors whenever he found that they were willing to stand up against him. He was therefore called Iñigo Arista. He took Queen Toda as his wife, by whom he fathered one son, named Garcia Iñiguez . Iñigo Arista died, and was buried in a tomb in the church of San Salvador de Leire." (The Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña: 8-9)

          the Irish Charlemagne: Brian Boru

          the Irish de Stael: Sydney, Lady Morgan

          the Irish Sea Queen: Grace O'Malley

          the Iron Belt: James IV of Scotland

          the Iron Chancellor: Otto von Bismarck. the Iron Chancellor: "...Bismarck was recalled to Berlin to take up the post of prime minister. In his inaugural speech, in September 1862, he now made plain the assertive political strategy he was to adopt in building a strong Prussia... 'It is not with speeches or with parliamentary resolutions that the great questions of the day are decided, as was mistakenly done in 1848 and 1849,' Bismarck declaimed, ' but with blood and iron' (Ponsonby, 1028, 37). The phrase would be forever after associated with him, leading to Bismarck's popular nickname of 'the Iron Chancellor.'...." (Rappaport, p. 67)

          the Iron Cross: Guy VIII of Laval, Count of Caserta (d.1323)

          the Iron Count: Ludwig II of Thuringia 

          the Iron Cross: Guy VIII of Laval, Count of Caserta 

          the Iron Czar: Nikolai I of Russia 

          the Iron Emperor: Nikolai I of Russia

          the Iron Glove: Mikhail Ivanovich Bulgakov (d.1554), Russian boyar 

          the Iron and Gold King: Ottokar II of Bohemia

          the Iron-Handed: Ernst of Austria

          the Iron-head, Iron Head: Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy; Pandolfo I of Benevento

          Iron Knee: Glun of Dublin 

          Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher 

          Iron Maiden: Margaret Thatcher

          Iron Man: Baudouin I of Flanders 

          Iron Margrave: Friedrich II of Brandenburg 

          Ironside: Edmund II of EnglandIronsides: Oliver Cromwell 

          Ironteeth, Iron-Tooth: Friedrich II of Brandenburg 

          Isabel Luisa Sempre-noiva (Always-engaged; Ever-engaged): Isabel Luísa, Princess of Beira

          Isabella Romola de' Medici: Isabella de' Medici

          Isaurian: Leo III of the Byzantine Empire

          Ishbosheth: Richard Cromwell

          Italian Hamlet: Charles Albert of Savoy

          Ivan the Fearsome: Ivan IV of Russia. The Tsar who laid the foundations of the Russian Empire was a brilliant military leader and ruler but his fault lay in his unstable temperament which manifested itself in bouts of rage and cruelty. In his later reign (he ruled as the Grand Duke of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and as Tsar of All the Russians from 1547 until his death in 1584), Ivan’s outbursts of rage got worse. In one of these outbursts, he accidentally killed his own son and heir to the throne by hitting him with a pointed staff in the head. He also established a special force, the so-called oprichniki that terrorized nobility and killed anyone who was perceived as a threat to the Tsar. Before dissolution of the oprichniki in 1572, Ivan personally led the forces to Novgorod, ransacking the city and killing thousands of predominantly wealthy residents in what came to be known as the Massacre of Novgorod.

          Ivan the Mad: Ivan IV of Russia

          Ivan the Terrible: Ivan IV of Russia

          Jack Boot: John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. " . . . According to historian John Naish, the 18th-century expression 'Jack Boot' meaning a stupid person originated as disparagement of Stuart's performance as Prime Minister." (Wikipedia)

          James Crofts: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth

          James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales Chevalier de St. George.
          " . . . Only one child survived them, James Francis Edward, styled the Chevalier de St. George, or, as he is more commonly called, the Pretender---a nickname given him by his half-sister, Queen Anne...." (Peake, p. 390)
          the Old Chevalier. Old Mr. Misfortune:
          ---His son was born in 1688, James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) was to have been James III of Britain. However the flight of his father meant that he grew up in exile. He took part in the aborted invasion of 1708 with French assistance and went on to lead the 1715 uprising which also ended in failure. Although brave and honourable James was largely ineffectual and continually suffered from bad luck earning him the nickname 'Old Mr. Misfortune'...." (Scottish History Online)
          Old Pretender---"Everyone lived a relatively tense lifestyle for almost three years and then drama, Queen Mary Beatrice was pregnant. This is the first great myth to be debunked. Prince James Francis Edward Stewart, Prince of Wales and afterwards known to history as The Old Pretender' was born on 10th June 1688 in London." (Scottish History Online)
          the Pretender. the Warming-Pan Child. " . . . The second myth to be debunked is the story surrounding his birth. Hanoverian publicists for almost three centuries referred to him as "The Baby in the Warming Pan". Being born after his parents had been married for eighteen years, suspicion was inflamed among the people and it was suggested that the Queen had miscarried and a servant woman’s child had been smuggled in to replace the dead child, in a warming pan...." (Scottish History Online).

          Geraldine: James FitzMaurice

          James of the Fiery Face: James II of Scotland

          James Stewart of Auchterhouse: James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan

          James the Black Douglas: James Douglas, Lord of Douglas. " . . . James of Douglas was the friend and ablest lieutenant of Robert the Bruce. Known as the Black Douglas to the English and as the Good James (Sir) to the Scots, Douglas was a brilliant fighter and master of guerrilla warfare. . . ." (Douglas Archives). " . . . He made many successful raids on tile English border, which won for him the dreaded name of the 'Black Douglas' in English households." (Douglas Archives-Sir James Douglas)

          James the Good: James Douglas, Lord of Douglas

          James the Gross: James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas

          James the Hearty: James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan 

          James the Lose-man: James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas. "The great Earl of Douglas, who was slain at Verneuil, was distinguished from the rest of his family by the name of Tyne-man, that is Lose-man, as he was defeated ion the great battles of Homildon, Shrewsbury, and finally in that of Verneuil, where he lost his life. . . ." (Scott, p. 47)

          James the Justiciar: Jaume II of Aragon. ". . . After overcoming the initial difficulties that confronted him, Jaime II emerged as one of the most respected sovereigns of his day. His clear perception of his responsibilities and his genuine respect for law gained him the sobriquet, the Justiciar." (O'Callaghan: 406)

          James the Unfortunate: Jaume II of Urgell

          James the Union Duke: James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry. " . . . [H]e became known as the 'Union Duke' because he laid much of the ground-work for the Act of Union (1707). . . ." (Gazetteer for Scotland) 

          Jamie Graeme: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (by Elizabeth of England, Queen of Bohemia)

          Janusz the Second: Janusz Radziwill

          Janusz the Traitor: Janusz Radziwill

          Jasper of Hatfield: Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. "Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke, often called Jasper of Hatfield, from the place of his birth, was a nobleman celebrated for his descent, and for the royal and illustrious alliances of his family.  He was one of the noble personages who lived and distinguished himself in the fifteenth century..." (Brooke, p. 69)

          Jemmy Butler: James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde

          Jemmy Twitcher: John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich

          Jesuit King: Sigismund III Vasa of Sweden

          Jewel of Regensburg: Sophie Friederike of Thurn and Taxis

          Jimmy: James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale

          Jimmy Grasp-All:James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale

          Jocasta: Julia Domna

          Jock o' the Slates: James Erskine, 2nd Earl of Mar. " . . . His captors, who called themselves rather grandiloquently 'the Lords Enterprisers', included a childhood friend, John Erskine of Mar, who had shared his schooling in Stirling Castle and earned the nickname of 'Jock o' the Slates' for his assiduity at arithmetic. . . ." (Magnusson: 386) 

          Jockey of Norfolk: John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk

          John Cicero of Brandenburg: Johann II of Brandenburg

          John III of Holstein-Kiel: Johann III of Holstein-Plön

          John of Avesnes: Jan I of Holland

          John Plantagenet: "Bedford, John, Duke of, brother of King Henry V, and Regent of France during the minority of his nephew. 'The firebrand to poor France,' as he is styled by Drayton...." (The Art Journal, p. 34) 

          John the Armenian: Ioan III of Moldavia

          John the Black: John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch

          John the Brave: Ioan III of Moldavia

          John the Constant: Johann of Saxony. "[He] . . . was a prince of excellent heart who warmly interested himself in the success of the Reformation for which reason his grateful contemporaries gave him the surname of the Constant. Under his auspices, the doctrines of Luther acquired consistence and stability. . . ." (Sobert, p. 80) [112] [Ref1:335] [Ref2:275] [Ref3:145] [Ref4:498]

          John the Mild: Johann III of Holstein-Plön. " . . . With him (Gerhard III of Holstein) was associated his brother John: and they had a cousin---another John---, who was also a remarkable man; he is known as John the mild,---why is not obvious, as he appears to have been warlike, ambitious, and grasping. . . ." (Higgins: 71)

          John the Pacific: Jan II of Brabant. " . . . Duke John II was not of a warlike disposition; but he reigned vigorously and acquired the surname of 'the Peaceful,' -- no easy achievement. . . ." (Brabant & Lancaster: ix)

          John the Parricide: Johann of Austria. "The murder of King Albert on 1 May 1308 was one of the great catastrophes of German history in the Middle Ages... Albert's nephew John, soon called Parricida, felt himself cheated of his inheritance. Seeing no future for himself, he conspired against his uncle -- successfully...." (Duggan, p. 109)

          John the Pitiless: Johann III of Bavaria. the Pitiless (Ger. Ohnegnade): " . . . John of Bavaria,---for so he was called, and to his name was afterwards added the epithet of 'the Pitiless,'---on reaching his majority, did not think it necessary to cause himself to be consecrated a priest, but governed as a lay sovereign. The indignant citizens of Liege expelled him, and chose another bishop. But the houses of Burgundy and Bavaria...made common cause in his quarrel . . . replaced by force this cruel and unworthy prelate." (Grattan,: 51-52). "The battle of Othee had an immediate and decisive effect in the principality of Liege: the collapse of the revolt against John of Bavaria. The surviving elements of opposition were savagely crushed. . . A week after the battle they camped outside the city and there presided over the decapitation of the ringleaders of the revolt, while, inside Liege, a detachment of men-at-arms drowned in the Meuse the ecclesiastics who had supported or been instituted by the anti-bishop---for their blood could not be judicially shed. This nightmare revenge of John of Bavaria earned him the sobriquet Pitiless...." (Vaughan: 63)

          John the Red Earl: John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer. He " . . . was known as the Red Earl because of his distinctive red beard. . . ." (Wikipedia)

          John the Steady: Johann of Saxony

          John the Steadfast: Johann of Saxony

          John the Styrian Prince: Johann of Austria. "From 1818 Archduke set about systematically acquiring estates in Styria which now became the centre of his life. The ‘Styrian Prince’, as he was soon dubbed, transformed his demesne at Brandhof near Mariazell in Upper Styria into a model estate." (Habsburger)

          John the Terrible: Ioan III of Moldavia

          John with the Beard: Johann I of Wertheim (1373–1407)

          John with the Leaden Sword: John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (by Earl Douglas). "The Earl of Douglas, whose military fame was so great, received high honours from the King of France and was created Duke of Touraine. The Earls was used to ridicule the Duke of Bedford, who then acted as regent for Henry VI in France, and gave him the nickname of John with the leaden sword. . . ." (Scott: 7)

          Edward VI of England the Boy King. the Josiah of England---In this traditional version of the story, Edward comes across as a weak and sickly boy, never his own man, who enjoyed evangelical sentiments because that’s what he had been taught. He accomplished little, was flattered greatly and thought more of himself than he should. After a short reign, Edward’s frail health was further damaged by measles and small pox; eventually he succumbed to tuberculosis and died at the age of 15. Though Foxe and other evangelicals of the day spoke of him as a new Josiah or a latter-day Solomon, later historians have called both his faith and his significance into question." (WND). the Pious---"A nickname given to Edward VI. of England, on account of his regard for religion and everything connected with it. It was big custom to take notes of the sermons which he heard; particularly those which seemed to bear any immediate relation to his own duties; and the attention which he paid to the precepts inculcated in the discourses of the eminent divines who preached before him, frequently produced a visible and permanent effect upon his conduct. A sermon preached before him by Ridley caused him to found St. Thomas and the Bridewell Hospitals." (Frey, p. 310). the Most Godly King of England. the Saint.

          Jotham: George Saville, Marquess of Halifax

          Jovial: Otto of Austria

          Juana of Castile.

          Juana the Mad (Sp. Juana la Loca): "Joanna, Queen of Castile from 1504 and 1516 spent most of her life confined in a convent. Suffering from mental instability from her youth, the Queen who later came to be called Juana la Loca (Spanish for “Joanna the Mad”) broke down after the sudden death of her husband Philip the Handsome in 1506. Joanna’s mental illness - she is thought to suffer from severe depression, psychosis or schizophrenia - prompted her father Ferdinand II of Aragon to assume regency and had her confined in a convent from which she never returned. After her father’s death in 1516, the throne passed to her son Charles but she formally remained a co-regent until her death in 1555." (History Lists)

          Juana the Mad Woman.

          Jubilee Princess: Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg, Queen of Spain

          Judas of Meissen: Maurice, Elector of Saxony

          Judge: Pietro II of Arborea

          Judge Gripus: Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke (1690-1764)

          Judge of Nature: Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset

          Judge of the Visigoths: Athanaric

          Julia Augusta: Livia Drusilla

          Justinian of England: Edward I of England

          Justinian of Lithuania (Lithuanian Justinian): Albert Radziwill

          Justinian of Poland (Polish Justinian): Kazimierz III of Poland

          Justinian of Saxony: August I of Saxony

          Justinian of Scotland: David I of Scotland

          Kalakaua the Merrie Monarch: Kalakaua of Hawaii. Needing a rest after fifty years of over-indulgence and general dissipation, David sailed about the US Cruiser Charleston to California. There he received a rapturous reception, and a string of invitations to social functions. Nine days later, however, and 'The Merry Monarch' was found dead of kidney failure in his room at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. The Charleston ferried his body back to Honolulu where his subjects replaced 'Welcome Home' streamers with mourning crepe. 'Nalohia ka Makua' they cried, 'Gone is the Father.' (Royal Dates With Destiny: n,p.)

          Kaiser Max: Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire

          Karl Knutsson Bonde: Carl VIII of Sweden

          Katheryn of Berain: Catrin of Berain

          Kenneth MacAlpin: Kenneth I of ScotlandKenneth of the Battle: Kenneth MacKenzie, 8th Lord of Kintail

          Kenneth of the Nose: Kenneth MacCoinneach, 4th Lord of Kintail

          Kenneth of the Whittle: Kenneth MacKenzie, 10th Lord of Kintail

          Kenneth the Brown-Haired (Gae. Donn): Kenneth III of Scotland

          Kenneth the Chief (Gae. An Donn): Kenneth III of Scotland

          Kenneth the Conqueror (Gae. An Ferbasach): Kenneth I of Scotland

          Kenneth the Grim: Kenneth III of Scotland

          Kenneth the Hardy: Kenneth I of Scotland

          Kenneth the Raven Feeder: Kenneth I of Scotland. "The Coronation Stone was used to inaugurate Scottish kings going back at least as far as Kenneth I, also known as Kenneth Mac Alpin, "the Hardy" and "the raven feeder" (presumably because ravens dined well on the bodies of those he had slain in battle). Kenneth I (c. 810-858 AD) was the first king to unite the Scotti and the Picts, two warlike tribes, in 843...." (Burch, ed.)

          Ketill Björnsson: Ketil Flatnose

          Khazar:Leo IV of the Byzantine Empire

          Killer of His Brother: Berenguer Ramon II of Barcelona

          the Knight: Konrad VIII of Silesia

          Knight of the Leopard: David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon

          Knight of the Tomb: James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas

          Knight Without Fear and Without Reproach: Pierre Terrail, Seigneur de Bayard

          Knightly King: Alexander I of Yugoslavia

          Knout: Nikolai I of Russia
          Knowing: Oleg of Novgorod

          Kuman: Laszlo IV of Hungary

          Johann III of Bavaria-Straubing Lackland:

          Lady: Barbara Palmer

          Lady Di: Diana, Princess of Wales

          Lady of the English: Matilda of England, Empress

          Lady of Hearts: Diana, Princess of Wales

          Lady of the Mercians: Aelfwynn; Ethelfleda

          Lady of Trim: Joan de Geneville

          Lady King: Margrethe I of Denmark

          Lamb: Erik III of Denmark

          Lame Sir John: Eoin Mac Dougall

          Lamh-Derg: Dermot of Leinster

          Lap King: Olof of Sweden

          Lapp: Johann II of Zimmern (1384–1441)

          Last Swan: Marella Agnelli

          Last of the Romans: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

          Last of the Stuarts: Henry Benedict Stuart

          Last of the Tribunes: Cola di Rienzo

          Last True Roman: Valdemar IV of Denmark

          Last Victorian Courtesan: Catherine Walters

          Latin Colonel: Adam Lewenhaupt

          Lava of Sanctity: Diana, Princess of Wales

          Lavish of Riches: Edward the Confessor of England. " . . . .We are told that Edward was generous to foreign churches and to the sick and needy. In the obituary poem in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle he receives the conventional epithet -- conventional because also applied there to Cnut and his sons -- 'lavish of riches'. Although probably not extravagant, he cannot have been as avaricious and greedy as William the Conqueror." (Edward the Confessor: 155)

          Law and Order Queen: Isabella I of Castile 

          Lawgiver-King: Afonso II of Portugal

          Lazzarone King (It. Re Lazzarone): Ferdinando I of the Two Sicilies 

          Leader: Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire

          Leader of the Modern Pharisees: Pope Boniface VIII

          Learned: Alfonso X of Castile

          Learned King Coloman: Kalman of Hungary. "Coloman won the admiration of his contemporaries and posterity, not merely as a leader of armies, but as a ruler whose great erudition and wise laws served to perpetuate his memory. These qualities obtained for him the epithet 'Konyves' (bookish) or learned King Coloman. The chronicles extol him for putting a stop by process of law to the prosecution of witches... He bestowed great care upon the administration of justice...." (Vambery & Heilprin, p. 115)

          Learned Prince: Albert I of Monaco

          Leif the Lucky: Leif Erikson. " . . . Leif Ericsson was the first European on American soil, but at the time that wasn't the reason to name him ‘Leif the Lucky’ (‘Leifr hinn heppni’). He obtained this nickname only after rescuing some shipwrecked people on the journey back to Greenland. . . ." (Bakker)
          " . . . Leif is thus not the first discoverer of America, and his interest in it stems from Bjarni. He was, indeed, at the court of King Olaf in 1000, returned to Greenland with a priest, but did not discover any new lands on this voyage, although he earned his nickname by rescuing sailors. . . ." (Oleson)

          Leopard of England: Edward I of England. " . . . Or did Edward see himself as a man of honor? The de Montfort partisans had given him an insulting epithet--Pard--claiming that, like the leopard, he changed his spots at whim. But he had chosen 'Keep troth' as his motto?. . . ." (Penman, p. 265)

          Leopold the Child of Babenberg (1207-1216). He son of Leopold VI of Austria, died when he fell from a tree.

          Leopold the Duke of Peace: Leopold II of Holy Roman Empire

          Leopold the Enlightened Despot: Leopold II of Holy Roman Empire

          Leopold the Extravagant: Leopold IV of Austria

          Leopold the Fair (Ger: Luitpold der Schöne): Leopold II of Austria

          Leopold the Fat: Leopold IV of Austria

          Leopold the Glorious: Leopold I of Austria

          Leopold the Glorious: Leopold VI of Austria

          Leopold the Holy: Leopold III of Austria

          Leopold the Just: Leopold III of Austria

          Leopold the King-Builder: Leopold II of Belgium

          Leopold the King of Shepherds: Leopold II of Holy Roman Empire

          Leopold the Mild Margrave: Leopold III of Austria. "'The mild margrave' died during a hunting accident in 1136 and was buried in the church of the Augustinian canonry, the Nativity of Our Lady, where he was genuinely mourned by his people. For nearly 900 years St. Leopold has been honored and venerated in his native Austria. His feast day, November 15th, is still one of the most important celebrations at Stift Klosterneuburg and the annual pilgrimage, held on the Sunday preceding the feast day, still draws thousands." (Augustinian Canons)

          Leopold the Patron of Canons: Leopold III of Austria 

          Leopold the Pious: Leopold III of Austria

          Leopold the Pious: Leopold V of Austria

          Leopold the Proud: Leopold IV of Austria. "Leopold IV, surnamed the Proud, continued during several months longer the war commenced by his father against the confederates. He enjoyed the aid of a numerous and powerful body of nobles, eager to revenge their friends and relatives slain at Sempach, or to vindicate the honour of their order...." (History of Switzerland: 95)

          Leopold the Saint: Leopold III of Austria

          Leopold the Spendthrift: Leopold IV of Austria

          Leopold the Strong: Leopold of Styria

          Leopold the Valiant:Leopold III of Austria. "St. Leopold, Margrave of Austria, grandfather of Frederick Barbarossa, surnamed 'the Valiant' for his victory over the Hungarians (d.1136)." (Englebert, p. 435)

          Leopold the Virtuous: Leopold V of Austria

          Leopold the Wise: Leopold II of Holy Roman Empire

          Leopold the Worthy: Leopold III of Austria

          Leprous: Baudouin IV of Jerusalem

          Less: Pope Gregory VLestko the Astute: Lestko of PolandLestko the Shrewd: Lestko of Poland

          Lettuce: Ivailo of Bulgaria

          Leszek the Black: Leszek II of Poland

          Leszek the White: Leszek I of Poland

          Leuchtenberger: Albrecht VI of Bavaria

          Lilibeth: Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

          Little Arnulf: Ernicule of Boulogne

          Little Beagle: Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury

          Little Black Beetle: Marie-Anne of Bourbon-Conde; Anne Benedicte of Bourbon-Conde; Marie Therese of Bourbon-Conde

          Little Bomb: Ferdinando II of the Two Sicilies; Francesco II of the Two Sicilies

          Little Boot: Caligula

          Little Boss (Rus. Shishechka): Peter of Russia (1715-1719)

          Little Bulldog: Alexander II of Russia 

          Little Charlemagne: Pietro II of Savoy

          Little Dove: Juana Nunez de Lara

          Little Duchess: Hedwig Elisabeth von Holstein-Gottorp Queen of Sweden

          Little Elf: Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury

          Little Frog: Willem II of the Netherlands 

          Little Greek: Anthemius

          Harry: Maud, Queen of Norway

          Little Idol of the Vatican: Lucrezia Borgia

          Little Impaler: Basarab IV of Wallachia

          the Little Kakhetian: Erekle II of Georgia

          the Little King: Carlos II of Spain

          the Little Lord: Kenneth Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Seaforth

          the Little Prince: Ischkhanik Artsruni of Tornavan (d.1042)

          the Little Queen: Isabelle of Valois, Queen of England; Odette de Champdivers

          the Little Red: Manfred von Richthofen

          the Little Red Fox: Alexander II of Russia 

          the Little Saber: Vittorio Emanuele III of Italy

          the Little Toad: Louise-Benedicte de Bourbon, Duchess of Maine (by Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orleans)

          the Little Turtle Dove: Juana Nunez de Lara

          the Little Whig: Anne (d.1716), Countess of Sutherland

          the Little Wolf: Guillaume of Ivry

          the Locksmith King: Louis XVI of France

          Lola Montez: Eliza Gilbert, Countess of Landsfeldt

          Lombard: Henri of Lorraine, Lord of Bayon

          Londonderry Herr: Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry

          the Loneliest Man in Vienna: Franz Ferdinand of Austria

          Long-Armed: George of Rostov

          Long Beard: Cormac mac Airt

          Long Bone: Ereich of Schleswig

          Long Hand, Long-Handed: Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion

          Long Legs: Erich II of Schleswig

          Longshanks: Edward I of England

          Looney Prince: Charles, Prince of Wales

          Loose Woman: Barbara of Celje

          Lord: Knud Lavard of Denmark

          Lord Achon: Oliver Cromwell

          Lord Bluster: Henry Vassal-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland

          Lord Castlereagh: Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry

          Lord of Lochaber: Alistair MacDonald of Keppoch

          Lord of the Fens: Oliver Cromwell

          Lord Deputy North: Frederick, Lord North

          Lord Fanny: John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey

          Lord Protector of the Commonwealth: Oliver Cromwell

          Lord Strutt: Carlos II of Spain; Felipe V of Spain

          Lorenzaccio (Lorenzo the Terrible): Lorenzino de' Medici

          Lorenzino (Lorenzo the Little): Lorenzino de' Medici
          Lorenzo the Magnificent
          Lorenzo il Popolano

          the Lorenzo de' Medici of Hungary: Matthias Corvinus of Hungary

          the Lost Dauphin: Louis XVII of France 

          the Lothair of Arles: Lothair II of Italy 

          the Lothair of Supplinburg: Lothair III of the Holy Roman Empire 

          Lothair the Abbot: Lothair IV of France 

          Lothair the White: Lothair IV of France

          Loue: Amedee IV of Savoy

          Louis Capet: Louis XVI of France

          Louis Dix Huit: Louis XVIII of France

          Louis of the Oysters (Fr. Louis de Huitres): Louis XVIII of France

          Louis the Dauphin: Louis, Dauphin of France

          Louis the Grand Dauphin: Louis, Dauphin of France

          Louise-Elisabeth of Orleans, Queen of Spain Mademoiselle de Montpensier.

          the Lousy: Harald I of Norway

          the Love of the Danes: Knud Danaast of Denmark

          the Loved and Killed: İbrahim Pasha

          the Loveliest Lady that I Ever Saw in My Life (by Samuel Nicolas): Edward Kynaston

          the Lover of Elegance: Juan I of Aragon

          the Lover of Gentility: Juan I of Aragon

          the Lover of the Liffey: Caesar of Choiseul

          the Lowest of the Low: Wallis, Duchess of Windsor

          Luc le Machant Homme: Friedrich II of Prussia

          Lucifer: Francoise Marie of Bourbon

          Ludwig the Hunchback: Ludwig VIII of Bavaria

          Ludwig the Mad: Ludwig II of Bavaria. 

          Lugvitza: Alexander, Prince Shuyskiy

          Luis I of Spain the Well-Beloved.

          Luís Pinto de Soveral, 1st Marquis of Soveral the Blue Monkey (by Wilhelm II of German)

          Lulu: Napoleon, Prince Imperial of France

          Lupu Coci: Vasile Lupu

          Lusian's Luckless Queen: Maria I of Portugal

          Lyremaker: Cleophon
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