the Poet-King of Sevilla:
[Ref1:167]
Sayf al-Dawla (the Sword of the Dynasty): "In 1007, he again attacked Castile in a campaign that was called the "victorious raid" (ghazāt al-naṣr). He took Clunia by force and carried off enormous booty. This feat earned him the honorific by which is now known, "the victor" (al-muzaffar) replacing "sword of the dynasty" (sayf al-dawla). In the winter of 1007–1008, he captured a castle called San Martín. . . ." (Wikipedia)
the Victor:
the Falcon of the Quraysh (Arab: Saqr al-Quraysh): "Through all these challenges, 'Abd al-Rahman prevailed, and in doing so, laid the foundation for the next centuries of united Islamic rule in Spain, without which al-Andalus may have disintegrated. Along with his escape from the hands of his 'Abbasid enemies, this was an altogether singular accomplishment. Even the 'Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur, with whom 'Abd al-Rahman traded an acid correspondence and who despised the Ummayad family, could not help but grudgingly acknowledge his enemy's acumen. Al-Mansur honored him with the nickname Saqr al-Quraysh, 'the Falcon of the Quraysh,' for having escaped the revolution: 'He who by his own cleverness escaped the spear-heads and sword-blades, crossed the desert and the ocean until he landed on a foreign shore; who repopulated cities, revived armies; and set up a kingdom after its collapse by the force of his own ability and determination.'. . ." (Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain: 50)
the Immigrant (Arab. al-Dakhil, He Who Came In) (by Al-Mansur): "On August 14, 755, Abd al-Rahman bravely disembarked on the troubled shores of al-Andalus, earning his laqab---official sobriquet---as al-Dakhil (the immigrant). Alerted long before to his imminent arrival and impatient to put an end to the strife, a large force of Umayyad loyalists awaited him. He captured Cordoba, made it his capital, and proclaimed himself emir, thus setting himself up for a life's work---he ruled for thirty-two years---unifying al-Andalus by mercilessly crushing restive Berbers and rival Arabs and safeguarding his hard-won possession from Abbasid and Frankish intrigue. . . ." (O'Shea: 82)
al-Nasir (the Defender of the Faith)
the Victor for the Religion of Allah (an Nasir li-din Allah)
the Victorious:
Sanjul (Little Sancho): " . . . Abd al-Rahman had been given the name Sanjul (little Sancho), in memory of his maternal grandfather and the title of dhu-l-sabiqatayn (holder of two antecedences), in allusion to his dual royal origin. . . ." (Scales: 40)
Abdul Medjuel el Mezrab (Sheikh).
Sheikh Abdul Mijwal Al Mezrab:
Medjuel El Mezrab:
Abdul Hamid II
Abdulhamid Han bin Abdulmecid
the Bloody (Tur. Kanli):
the Divine Khan (Tur. Ulu Hakan): " . . . Known to some as the Ulu Hakan ('Divine Khan'), he is better known in the West as 'The Red Sultan,' 'Abdul the Damned' or 'The Great Assassin' for the massacres of Ottoman Armenians which occurred throughout his tenure. . . ." (New World Encyclopedia)
the Monster of Yildiz: "After these massacres, no other mass murders occurred until 1908; in this year suddenly mass murder and plundering of Armenians was committed, this time in Constantinople, in front of the very eyes of foreign delegations, diplomats and big powers of Europe. This massacre gained a strong reaction in Europe and injured the credit and respectability of the Sultan seriously; he was given titles such as, The Red Sultan, The Red Animal, The Monster of Yildiz,... . All the politicians and intellectuals of Europe, both left and right, liberal and conservative, condemned the massacres of Armenians in Turkey severely." (ourararat.com)
the Red Animal:
the Red Sultan:
the Warrior?:
the Wolf-King (Sp. el Rey Lobo): " . . . As early as 1146 Muwahhid troops were disembarking in al-Andalus to take over Spanish Islam, commencing with Seville, a process in which it became evident that their chief opponents were not the helpless Murâbit governors but the new Hispano-Moslem caudillos of the Second Taifas who had sprung up during the last years of Murâbit dominion. Foremost among these was the redoubtable Muhammad ibn-Sa'd, Ibn-Mardanîsh (1152-1172), el Rey Lobo or the Wolf-King, as the Christians called him, who made himself ruler of Murcia and Valencia and for many years fought to expel the Muwahhids and conquer all al-Andalus. In this he was aided by his able general and father-in-law Ibn-Hamushk, by large bodies of Christian mercenaries, and by the friendship of Raymond Berenguer IV and Alfonso VII, who saw him as a shield against the new Maghribin imperialism. In 1159 Ibn-Mardanîsh besieged Jaen, Cordova, and Seville without success; in 1161 he captured Granada; and thereafter his mixed Moorish-Christian armies overcame the Muwahhid forces in three battles before the exasperated caliph 'Abd-al-Mu'min himself crossed the strait and defeated him near his capital of Murcia. Even then, Ibn-Mardanîsh managed to retain control over most of southeastern Spain, his big realm of Murcia-Valencia serving as a protective buffer between Aragon-Catalonia and Muwahhid Andalusia until his death in 1172." (Bishko)
the Victorious:
the Victorious: " . . . Adalbert the Victorious (1018-1056) had a hard struggle against them [the Magyars], and owes his name of the Victorious to the successes he gained. He extended the march of Austria as far as the banks of the Leitha. He also helped the emperor considerably against Hungary, and received in return fresh grants to himself and his heirs of estates within the march." (Leger & Hill: 129)
the Apostle of Bohemia:
the Apostle of the Prussians:
the Apostle of the Slavs:
the Greatest Polish Statesman & Diplomat of 19th Century.
Adam Lewenhaupt.
the Latin Colonel: " . . . [T]he command usually devolved on Count Adam Lewenhaupt, a nephew of Count Gustavus Lewenhaupt, the celebrated field-marshal in the time of Charles X. He had studied in the universities of Lund, Upsala, Wittenberg, and Rostock, where he had gained that fluency in speaking Latin which him frequently useful as interpreter in the negotiations with the Poles, and which was at the same time so rare among soldiers that it gained him from his brother officers the nickname of 'The Latin colonel.'. . ." (Scribner's Monthly, Vol. 21: 723)
Adela Aymerich.
Royal mistress
la Cubana.
the Great Female Ruler: "When her husband died in 1101, Adelaide was about twenty-six years old. Since Simon, the intended successor, was only a child she acted as regent for him. Little is known of this period. . . [S]imon died aged twelve on 28 September 1105. Adelaide now acted as regent in the name of Roger II. She succeeded in handing on the counties of Calabria and Sicily in an orderly state to her son. . . In the Arabic section of a Greek-Arab charter dating from 1109, Adelaide is described as 'the great female ruler, the malikah (sovereign or queen) of Sicily and Calabria, the protector of Christian faith. . . ." (Houben: 25)
the Holy Maiden: "Even the 'holy maidens,' the abbesses of Gandersheim and Quedlinburg, had not escaped the pollution of the court of their father and brother. They were accomplices, beyond doubt, in the murder of Eckhard . . . ." (Zimmermann: 830)
la Belle
" . . . Adeliza (also known as La Belle) was actually known as 'a singular beauty', the fairest woman on the earth' or 'the fair maid of Brabant'. . . ." (Cockerill. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France and England, Mother of Empires)
the Fair Maid of Brabant
"The chroniclers say that Adeliza was beautiful. She was known as 'the Fair Maid of Brabant'. . . ." (Chadwick. Living the History)
". . . So proverbial was Adeliza's prettiness that she was nicknamed 'the Fair Maid of Brabant' and her personality had won her praise at the Imperial court in Germany. . . ." (Russell. Confessions of a Ci-Devant)
" . . . Her designation among the troubadours was 'The Fair Maid of Brabant,' and her reputation for beauty and accomplishments, was spread widely throughout Europe. . . ." (Adams. A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography: 10)
" . . . When King Henry . . . determined by the advice of his nobles to marry again, his choice fell upon Adelais, whose beauty and accomplishments were great attractions. Her designation among the troubadours, 'the Fair Maid of Brabant,' will vouch for the former, and the renown of the latter was spread throughout Europe by the Battle of Duras, or of 'the Standard,' so called because of a highly-prized standard of silk and gold, the work of Adelais, was there taken from her father's army. . . ." (Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Biographical Dictionary, Vol 1, Issue 1: 332)
"After the death of Queen Matilda and the loss of Prince William in the 'White Ship,' King Henry grew more and more morose, so that 'even the most powerful of his nobles dreaded to enter his presence.'. . . [I]n the hope of securing a legitimate heir to inherit his honours, he decided to marry again. Adelicia of Louvaine, an eighteen-year-old girl famous as 'the fair maid of Brabant,' was selected for the position of Henry's second wife. She was lovely, tactful and courageous enough to play a difficult part." (Thornton-Cook. Her Majesty; the Romance of the Queens of England, 1066-1910: 18)
"The beauty and amiableness of this princess are repeatedly spoken of by the historians of her day; and her irreproachable and truly pious disposition, as well as her high mental qualifications, made the theme of their commendation. As an exemplary and a devout Christian, a dutiful and affectionate wife, and a truly amiable and highly accomplished woman, she drew to herself, from every quarter, admiration and affection. By the Provencal and Walloon poets, to whom she was a munificent patroness, she is style Alix la Belle. The chroniclers have given her the name of The Fair Maid of Brabant. Robert of Gloucester says," He knew of no woman so fair as she was seen on middle earth;' and the contemporary historian Henry of Huntingdon has preserved for us a Latin sonnet, in which the poetic turn of compliment is but rarely equalled. . . ." (Barrett. Memorials of the Parochial Church, the Collegiate Chantry, and the Chapel of St. Mary: 21)
the Maid Without Vice: Maid Without Vice: "No. 73, between the good Queen Maude and King Henry I, the masterpiece of the sculptor of Wells for youthful grace and dignity, can be no other than Adelicia, the second wife of Henry, the fair maid of Brabant, 'the maid without vice,' the theme of troubadours, and the admiration of all. . . ." (Cockerall. Iconography of the West Front of Wells Cathedral: cxlv)
Royal mistress
the Blond (Sp. la Blondina):
Adolf of the Palatinate.
the Patient (Ger. der Geduldige):
Adolf of Nassau:
the Handsome Regicide (Fr. le Beau Regicide):
Adrien-Louise de Bonnieres de Souastre, Comte de Guines
Guines the Magnificent (Fr. Guines le Magnifique).
Áed mac Cináeda, King of the Picts:
Aed of the Swift Foot: "The first care of the Scots was to select one to fill the vacant throne. The choice of the nation fell on Eth or Aodh,, the brother of Constantin. This prince had been present in the recent battle, and when the king fell he rallied the broken ranks and led them off the field. Of all his exploits this only has come down to us. He is known as Eth of the Swift Foot, from an abnormal nimbleness of limb which enabled him to outstrip all his fellows. John Major calls him an Asahel, and tells us that no one could keep pace with him in running. . . ." (reformation.org)
Aed of the Swift Foot: "The first care of the Scots was to select one to fill the vacant throne. The choice of the nation fell on Eth or Aodh,, the brother of Constantin. This prince had been present in the recent battle, and when the king fell he rallied the broken ranks and led them off the field. Of all his exploits this only has come down to us. He is known as Eth of the Swift Foot, from an abnormal nimbleness of limb which enabled him to outstrip all his fellows. John Major calls him an Asahel, and tells us that no one could keep pace with him in running. . . ." (reformation.org)
Áed of the White Flowers:
the White-foot (Latin: Albipes).
the Wing-footed (Lat. Alipes)
the Anointed:
the Dignified:
the Ordained:
the Ordained:
the Lady of the Mercians:
Aethelfrith the Twister (Eadfered Flesaurs):
Athelred, Ethelred of England:
the Unready, Without Counsel.
"Athelred is remembered colloquially and half-jokingly today as the Unready, although the nickname was really a clever pun on his name, athel 'noble' and raed 'counsel', meaning 'noble counsel'. Throughout his reign Athelred was ill-advised and if he made his own decision, he was as likely to change his mid, hence the nickname, raed-less, or lacking counsel. He was a better administrator than history has given credit, but he wa a hopeless king and leader." (Ashley. A Brief History of British Kings & Queens)
A Pillar of of Dignity in the Western World: "Athelstan was an able administrator and made many good laws, which combated theft, oppression and fraud and mitigated severity to young offenders. He was charitable and popular and like his great-grandfather Ethelwulf, made provisions for his poorer subjects. Athelstan directed that each of the manors owned by the crown should be subject to an annual charge, which should be used to relieve the poor and the destitute. The Annals of Ulster refer to him as 'a pillar of dignity in the western world'." (English Monarchs-Athelstan)
the First True King of All England: "The complete supremacy of the House of Wessex was firmly established under Athelstan and he could correctly be described as the first true King of all England. Athelstan used the title Basilius, the Greek term for king." (English Monarchs-Athelstan)
the Glorious: "Our old historian, Florence of Worcester, has . . . attached some splendid epithet to the name of each of the great conquering English kings of the tenth century. . . Athelstane is the Glorious. . . ." (Chambers and Chambers, Vol. 50: 536)
the King of the Anglo-Saxons and Emperor of the Northumbrians, Ruler of the Pagans and Champion of the Britons:
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