Dom Afonso Henriques.
El-Bortukali (the Portuguese)
Ibn-Arrik (Son of Henique)
the Conqueror (Por. o Conquistador)
the Father of the Portuguese Nation:
the Founder (Por. o Fundador): "Genius, statesman, political fox, victor, implacable, extremely clever: Afonso is able to create an amazing story. Everything that can be manipulated in his favor, will be so, without any scruples. He begins his sequence of victories by founding a kingdom. . . ." (Dutra de Menezes) [Vid1]
the Founding Father: "No one is more deserving of the title of Founding Father than Afonso Henriques. . . Very few people know, but it's thanks to the political shrewdness of Afonso Henriques that Portugal is the first European country to establish itself as an independent state. Even before the year 1200, Portugal is already Portugal. And that included the right to its own language - the Galician-Portuguese.
the Great (Por. o Grande):
the Fat (Por. do Gordo): " . . . In 1211 Sancho died, a wealthy man, and was succeeded by his son, Afonso II 'the Fat.' Unable personally to indulge in drawn-out military campaigns against the Moors because of his health, Afonso II devoted his time to matters of law, administration and further unification of the country. Disputes within his own family over property rights occupied much of his reign, along with investigations into the property rights and privileges of the church and the nobility. . . ." (The History of Portugal: 30)
the Bolognian (Fr. le Boulonnais; Por. o Bolonhês)
the Restorer.
the African (o Africano):
--"Alfonso V . . . was honoured with the epithet of the African, for his exploits against the Moors, from whom he took Tangier, Arzila, and other maritime towns. The coast of Guinea was also discovered under his auspices. . . ." (A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar: 430)
--" . . . There being no more Moors to fight in the Peninsula, the Portuguese, led by their gallant princes, went to fight the Moors in Morocco. The duty of fighting Moors had from their history sunk deep into the hearts of the Portuguese people. Their history had been one long struggle with Muhammadans, and the Christian religion had therefore taken with them a fiercer and more warlike complexion that in any other country. This feeling was fostered by King Afonso V . . . who ruled Portugal from 1438 to 1481, and who, from his many expeditions to Morocco, obtained the surname of The African. His perpetual wars both with the Spaniards and the Moors continued to keep the Portuguese a nation of soldiers. . . ." (Stephens: 18)
the Chivalrous King (Por. el Rey Cavalleiro): " . . . The court of Affonso V was well calculated to stir the knightly spirit of a lad. The king himself was known as El Rey Cavalleiro or the Chivalrous King; his one delight was in war, and he was never tired of reading the romances of medieval chivalry and trying to follow the example of its heroes. King Affonso V had also a great taste for literature: he founded the famous library at Evora. . . ." (Stephens: 44)
the Great Merchant of Christianity (by Ottoman Sultan)
the Magnificent
the Richest Man in Rome.
the Magnificent
the Richest Man in Rome.
the Brave (Sp. el Bravo):
the Valiant:
He of las Navas (Sp. El de las Navas):
the Child-King (Sp. el Rey Niño): "Alfonso VIII of Castile, best remembered in world literature for his cameo role opposite the Jewess of Toledo, ascended the throne a few months before his fourth birthday, following the death of his father, Sancho III, el Deseado (the desired). Known as el rey Niño (the child-king) during his lengthy reign (1158-1214), he later earned the sobriquets el Noble (the noble) and El de Las Navas (he of the victory at Las Navas) for his acts of piety, such as founding cities, hospitals, and monasteries, and for his military prowess. [149] Through both Castilian and Leonese grandparents, Alfonso X was the great grandson of Alfonso VIII and was indebted to him for precedents in legal practices.
the Noble:
the Astrologer, the Astronomer:
the Learned, the Wise:
He of Rio Salado.
the Avenger
the Implacable
the Just: . "Nor it there much in what may be called the political side of the long reign of the eleventh Alfonso that is of special interest to posterity, within or without the Peninsula. It is al least creditable to Alfonso as a ruler that, succeeding as he did to the throne, in times exceedingly turbulent even for Castile, be skillfully availed himself of the assistance of the various factions to subdue one by one the leading disturbers of the peace of the kingdom. Surnamed as he was el Justiciero, or the doer of justice, the king was not, perhaps, very much juster than his neighbours, but he undoubtedly nore not the sword in vain, and rebels and enemies were at least satisfactorily executed, whatever may have been the imperfections of their trial." (Burke: 320)
the African (Por. o Africano):
Protho-Capitaneus Noster: " . . . In 1513, King Emmanuel calls him 'protho-capitaneus noster'. . . . " (Catholic Encyclopedia)
the Achilles of Portugal, the Portuguese Achilles:
the Conqueror: " . . . Among the distinguished leaders and administrators that sprang up in southern Europe at the end of the sixteenth century, Alfonzo de Albuquerque holds a very prominent position. His achievements, from a military standpoint, were more remarkable than any of the so-called conquerors of the New World; for he had to cope with adversaries armed very nearly like the Europeans, with hosts that were superior to any that were encountered by Cortez or Pizarro, and had at his command forces hardly more numerous than those that achieved the conquest of Peru and Mexico. . . ." (Catholic Encyclopedia)
the Father of the Western Rule in the Orient: "Afonso de Albuquerque had this bitter experience. It was said of this 'father of Western rule in the Orient', also called 'The Great' and the 'Portuguese Achilles' or the 'Portuguese Mars', that his vessels arriving off the coast compelled silence and respect. . . ." (Etemad: 127)
the Great: "Afonso de Albuquerque (1453-1515) was a Portuguese admiral made historically famous for his conquering of various African, Indian, and Southeast Asian locales as well as establishing a Portuguese influence in the East during the Age of Exploration. He is essentially Portugal's hegemonic hero. Much to the dismay of British, who had enough problems pronouncing his name already, the Portuguese slapped on an epitaph of "the great" to make him Afonso de Albuquerque the Great, a name by which he is known by today." (@everything)
Agnes of Bohemia (Saint) (1211-1282)
St. Agnes of Praque:
the Saint:
the Saint:
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| Agnes of Salm-Salm the Soldier Princess @Wikipedia |
the Angel
Sister Agnes (by Bertie):
Black Agnes; Black Agnes of Dunbar:
--"Lady Agnes Randolph, Countess of Moray, (is) nicknamed Black Agnes for her dark hair and complexion. . . ." (Historic-UK.com)
--"She was called 'Black Agnes' because of her dusky complexion and dark hair, but the lady's fierce defense against a determined foe added considerable luster and fame to the nickname. Lady Agnes Randolph had loads of attitude - while she never struck a swordblow or took to the battlefield, she did show true Amazonian courage in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds.
--Agnes Randolph, called Black Agnes, was born into a noble family of Scotland and played an important role in the cause of Scottish independence. During her lifetime, she held the titles of countess of Moray, countess of Dunbar, and countess of March, the latter two obtained through her marriage to Patrick, earl of Dunbar and March. Agnes is remembered for her defense of Dunbar Castle during a siege by the English, which lasted from January 13 to June 10, 1338, during a time when Patrick was away on military business.
the Beautiful, Beauty:
the Mistress of Beauty: " . . . Since the time of Agnes Sorel, the persona of the royal mistress had been synonymous with beauty. Indeed Agnes, after Charles had gifted her the chateau of Beaute-sur-Marne, had the right to be known as 'Mistress of Beauty.' . . . ." (Female Beauty Systems: 189)
la Belle Agnes
la Dame de Beauté: "It was at this period that Agnes Sorel became known by the epithet of the Dame de Beaute. This title, which accorded so well with her personal graces, was given her on her acquiring the pleasant manor of Beaute-sur-Marne, erected by King Charles V, and whose charms had been already celebrated by Eustache Deschamps in one of his ballads... This was that same delightful manor of Beaute which Charles VII gave, with all its dependencies, to Agnes Sorel, who took thereafter the name of Dame de Beaute. It was thus she was designated in contemporary ballads, in cours plenieres, and thus she signed herself in historic documents." (Royal Favourites, Vol 1: 188)
la Belle Agnes
la Dame de Beauté: "It was at this period that Agnes Sorel became known by the epithet of the Dame de Beaute. This title, which accorded so well with her personal graces, was given her on her acquiring the pleasant manor of Beaute-sur-Marne, erected by King Charles V, and whose charms had been already celebrated by Eustache Deschamps in one of his ballads... This was that same delightful manor of Beaute which Charles VII gave, with all its dependencies, to Agnes Sorel, who took thereafter the name of Dame de Beaute. It was thus she was designated in contemporary ballads, in cours plenieres, and thus she signed herself in historic documents." (Royal Favourites, Vol 1: 188)
--"Officially called Mademoiselle de Beauté, after the name of the first seigneurie she received from the king, Agnes was beauty herself. Oliver da la Marche wrote: 'She was the most beautiful woman I have ever seen.' Antoine de Chabannes, a great friend of the dauphin, said, 'The most beautiful woman there ever was or ever could be.' But the word Beauté was also simply a play on words, 'and amongst the beauties one was held as the most beautiful in the world, and was called Mlle. De Beauté, as much for good reason as for the Chateau de Beauté near Paris, 'Montrelet.''" (Victorious Charles: 90)
--" . . . That she was styled 'lady of Beauté; indicates the extent to which she had gained the king's favour. She had, appropriately, been given the château of Beautéhter, near Blois de Vincennes, by the king. She was about wenty-two years old when she became a member of the queen's household. She was the daughter of Jean Soreau, lord of Coudun, and Catherine de Maignelais. Born perhaps in Picardy, her early life ws completely obscure. From an early date after her appearance at court, however, her name was coupled with that of the 'finest talker of his time', the volatile Pierre de Breze. His Angevin connections might have brought him into contact with a la belle Agnes before her entry into the queen's household. . . ." (Charles the Seventh: 92)
--" . . . Also recruited from the queen's household was Agnes Sorel, mistress of Charles VII of France. Their liaison began in 1443, when she was twenty-two and he forty-one , and she bore him four daughters, dying in the fourth childbirth in 1450, aged twenty-eight. She came from the lesser nobility of Picardy and was endowed with several manors by the king. Charles erected two grand tombs for her, one in the abbey of Jumieges, where her heart was buried, and which included a statue of Agnes offering her heart to the Virgin Mary, the other at Loches, where her body was buried." (Blood Royal: Dynastic Politics in Medieval Europe: 164)
the Little, the Small:
the Young Prince (Sp. el Infantico): "After the battle of Lucena, where Ali Atar died and Boabdil was captured, Morayma and her son Ahmed, then just one year old, retire once again to the Carmen, where she suffers "the long months of her husband's captivity in Porcuna". Finally, the Castilians free Boabdil who has agreed, among other conditions, to hand over his son as ransom. Ahmed, who had just turned two, won't be returned to his mother until Granada is surrendered. By then he is nine years old, doesn't speak Arabic, follows the Christian religion and is known as 'el Infantico' (the Young Prince), a nickname given to him by Queen Elizabeth."
Aimee de Coigny, Duchesse de Fleury (1769-1820)
Anne-Francoise-Aimee de Franquetot de Coigny
Aimee de Franquetot de Coigny
Aymon de Savoie
the Peaceful
the Pacific.
the Peaceful
the Pacific.
Ainbcellach mac Ferchair
the Good.
the Great: " . . . Alain, Sire d'Abret, [was] called 'the Great,' because he was reckoned the richest nobleman in the kingdom. . . ." (Bingham, Vol. I: 31)
the Great:
--" . . . Alain, with better collected strength, conquered them, with decisive slaughter, and was acknowledged the sovereign of all Bretagne. He reigned till 907, with splendour and tranquility. He attained the surname of the Great; but not great from overpowering intellect, or mighty achievements; nor great because he was a giant, but because his countrymen were dwarfs."(The History of the Anglo-Saxons, Vol 2: 40)
--" . . . In Brittany, Alan, who is surnamed the Great, without our knowing of what his greatness consisted, after having succeeded to the county of Vannes, had forcibly seized upon that of Rennes, and had from the brother of Pasquitain, obtaining the supremacy of Armorica, recovered Nantes from the Northmen: his exploits earned for him the epithet of 'the Great,' 'Alain-le-Grand.'. . . ." (The History of Normandy and of England, Vol 1: 498)
the Black:
Alain of Rennes
le Rèbre, Ruibriez.
Alain of Penthievre.
the Black:
Alaric I of the Visigoths (370-410)
King of the Visigoths, 395-410
the All-ruler: "Alaric, the 'All-Ruler,' surnamed the Baltha , or Bold, was born about 360, on an island in the delta of the Danube...." (Horne: 56)
the Baltha
the Bold.
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