Friday, September 18, 2020

Humbert -- Hywel

the Whitehanded"Now at the very opening of the eleventh century, in 1003, all the historians of the House of Savoy find the first traces of their Humbert the 'White-handed,'---an appellation, by the way, which appears in no contemporary records, and is only first applied to him by the anonymous chroniclers of Savoy in the early part of the fifteenth century...."  (Gallenga, p. 181)
the Fat:
the Blessed:

the Father of His Country: " . . . [H]is undeviating and impartial justice procured him the still more honourable appellation of 'the father of his country." (Cunningham, Vol. 1: 380)

Sir Humphrey of Gloucester
the Father of His Country
the First English Proponent of Italian Humanism" . . . A patron of poets and writers and an avid collector of manuscripts, Gloucester is also recognized as the first English proponent of Italian humanism." (Wagner: 156)
the Good" . . . [H]is kindliness of disposition won for him the epithet of 'the good'. . . ." (Cunningham, Vol. 1: 380)
the Good Duke Humphrey:
----" . . . A consistent advocate of offensive war, Gloucester won the posthumous sobriquet of 'the Good Duke' for his initiatives in the 1440s. . . ." (Wagner,: 156)
----" . . . He earned his nickname ('Good Duke Humphrey) from his patronage of literature. . . ."  (Houghton Mifflin Co.: 613)
the Maecenas of His Age"This ill-fated prince was the Maecenas of his age, and to his encouragement of literature England is deeply indebted. He is supposed to have been the founder of the Bodleian library, and under the patronage which he so readily extended to men of letters, many learned foreigners were induced to settle in England. His vices were many, but he also possessed some splendid virtues, which cast a redeeming lustre over his character." (Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen, Vol 1: 380)

Humphrey de Bohun2nd Earl of Hereford
the Good Earl of Hereford

Humphrey with the Beard
the Bearde
the Old [105]
the Great
the Magnificent

Humphrey with the Beard"His epithet, "with the beard" (cum barba), was a distinguishing one in eleventh-century Normandy, where the custom was to shave the face and back of the head. It is first recorded in a later chronicle of Llanthony Prima, edited by William Dugdale in the Monasticon Anglicanum (VI.134)." (Wikipedia)

the Good: "Legal documents drafted according to the “Laws of Hywel Dda” survive to the present. One remarkable feature of these distinctly Welsh laws is their recognition of the legal status of women and children. Elsewhere in Europe women were regarded merely as the property of their men folk, a status that persisted for centuries.  This helps to explain Hywel’s appeal to later generations, though some historians have questioned how just how “good” he really was.There is evidence the young king ordered the murder of his brother-in-law, Llywarch, in order to take control of Dyfed. His close links with the English crown also aroused the suspicion of some contemporaries.  As John Davies writes in his History of Wales: “In the age of Hywel, the essential attribute of a state builder was ruthlessness”. Ruthlessness was, it seems, an attribute Hywel possessed along the goodness with which history has credited him." (Welsh Heroes [Ref1]

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