Lucia Panichi.
la Muscovita
la Bella Lucrezia:
the Founder of the Gonzaga Family
Ludovico II Gonzaga of Mantua.
the Turk:
the Turkified:
the Turned-Turk.
the Kelheimer, of Kelheim (Ger. der Kelheimer):
--" . . . When Duke Otto dies in the third year of his dukedom, he left his fief to his son Ludwig, a child of tender age, who had been born in Kelheim in 1173. . . Contemporaries and historians have given Duke Ludwig the surname "the Kelheimer". They did not do so because Ludwig was born in Kelheim, but because he was assassinated in Kelheim on September 15th, 1231. Contemporary eyewitness concordantly reported that the Duke was stabbed by a man when he wanted to enter the town through the Danube gate-tower. The assassin´s identity was never revealed, because the Duke´s vassals killed him immediately after the assassination and drowned the corpse." (almuehltal.de)
--" . . . Ludwig I, duke of Wittelsbach, who initiated the expansion policy of the Wittelsbacher dynasty was murdered in Kelheim on September 15, 1231. He is therefore also called the 'Kelheimer'." (schneider-weisse.de)
the Upright.
the Debonair:
--" . . . Louis' nickname of 'the Pious' reflected the Christian nature of his empire and his reputation for piety. He has also been called 'the debonair' (le Debonnaire) in more modern times, to mean that he was easy-going or good-natured. In some respects he was a model Christian ruler with close advisers who were religious leaders, not least Benedict of Aniane, the 'second founder of Benedictine monasticism', who supervised a program of monastic reform. Louis' leading administrators were clerics, especially bishops -- some of whom were also landed magnates. One reason for his pious reputation was a readiness to listen to and even heed ecclesiastical advice." (The Capetians: Kings of France 987-1328: 12)
--"Louis, since known under the name of the Meek (le Debonnaire), had then attained the age of fifteen. He had been placed by his father under the guardianship of William, duke of Toulouse, who was surnamed the short nose, and of whom romancers have made a knight-errant, and hagiographers, a saint, whilst historians have only preserved his name. . . ." (Sismondi: 257)
Ludwig the Mad
der Marchenkonig
King Charming: "In the early days Ludwig was hugely popular with his people, especially his female subjects. His immaculate grooming and flamboyant style earned him the nickname 'King Charming.' Women adored him, wrote him sonnets, sent him flowers, and swooned as he swept past in his coach. He was curiously unmoved by these displays of affection, because for one thing he was far too self-obsessed to even notice, and for another he was homosexual." (Shaw: 235)
Mad King Ludwig
Our Darling
the Dream King
the Eagle
the Fairytale King
the Mad: Modern Bavarians might not regard Ludwig II of Bavaria as an insane monarch but his contemporaries considered him mad, largely due to his extravagant lifestyle and an apparent disregard of his royal duties. He inherited the Bavarian throne in 1864 at the age of 18 and by the time he was 20, his kingdom became a part of the larger German Empire. However, Ludwig who formally remained the King of Bavaria showed no ambitions to regain his kingdom’s independence. Instead, he dedicated himself to over-ambitious artistic and architectural projects that completely emptied the royal treasury. The very same projects, many of which are today among the most recognizable and most visited Bavaria’s landmarks, were used against him to remove him from the throne. On June 12, 1886, Ludwig was declared insane and deposed. He died one day later under mysterious circumstances.
the Mad King of Bavaria: "Mad King of Bavaria, Dream King, the Swan King, the Recluse of the Alps - Ludwig II. was a legend in his own time. He patronized the revolutionary Richard Wagner, built exotic castles in the mountains, the decadent poet Verlaine called him "the only true king of his century", and Robert de Montesquiou collected momentous of his aesthetic hero. Essentially Ludwig was a talentless, eccentric man, who had a lifelong struggle not just with mental illness but homosexuality as well. Like a character in a Greek tragedy, Ludwig was destroyed by divine madness. His grandiose Neuschwanstein castle, situated on a craggy mountain, capped a building boom that nearly bankrupted Bavaria, but now draws a steady stream of tourists to the Allgaeu region." (Liukkonen)
the Moon King
the Only True King of His Century
the Recluse of the Alps
the Romantic on the Throne
the Swan King [Bio2:NNDB] [Ref1]
Ludwig II of Bavaria
der Marchenkonig
King Charming: "In the early days Ludwig was hugely popular with his people, especially his female subjects. His immaculate grooming and flamboyant style earned him the nickname 'King Charming.' Women adored him, wrote him sonnets, sent him flowers, and swooned as he swept past in his coach. He was curiously unmoved by these displays of affection, because for one thing he was far too self-obsessed to even notice, and for another he was homosexual." (Shaw: 235)
Mad King Ludwig
Our Darling
the Dream King
the Eagle
the Fairytale King
the Mad: Modern Bavarians might not regard Ludwig II of Bavaria as an insane monarch but his contemporaries considered him mad, largely due to his extravagant lifestyle and an apparent disregard of his royal duties. He inherited the Bavarian throne in 1864 at the age of 18 and by the time he was 20, his kingdom became a part of the larger German Empire. However, Ludwig who formally remained the King of Bavaria showed no ambitions to regain his kingdom’s independence. Instead, he dedicated himself to over-ambitious artistic and architectural projects that completely emptied the royal treasury. The very same projects, many of which are today among the most recognizable and most visited Bavaria’s landmarks, were used against him to remove him from the throne. On June 12, 1886, Ludwig was declared insane and deposed. He died one day later under mysterious circumstances.
the Mad King of Bavaria: "Mad King of Bavaria, Dream King, the Swan King, the Recluse of the Alps - Ludwig II. was a legend in his own time. He patronized the revolutionary Richard Wagner, built exotic castles in the mountains, the decadent poet Verlaine called him "the only true king of his century", and Robert de Montesquiou collected momentous of his aesthetic hero. Essentially Ludwig was a talentless, eccentric man, who had a lifelong struggle not just with mental illness but homosexuality as well. Like a character in a Greek tragedy, Ludwig was destroyed by divine madness. His grandiose Neuschwanstein castle, situated on a craggy mountain, capped a building boom that nearly bankrupted Bavaria, but now draws a steady stream of tourists to the Allgaeu region." (Liukkonen)
the Moon King
the Only True King of His Century
the Recluse of the Alps
the Romantic on the Throne
the Swan King [Bio2:NNDB] [Ref1]
Ludwig II of Bavaria
the Recluse of the Alps:
the Romantic on the Throne:
Louis II of Brandenburg (Elector).
Ludwig VI of Brandenburg (Margrave):
the Roman:
the Iron (Ger. Eiserne, Jarnharde):
--Ludwig II" . . . whose severities . . . struck terror into all, but exposed himself to so many attempts upon his life, that he found it necessary to wear armour habitually, and hence received the surname of the Iron." (Shobert: 19)
----"Lewis IV, surnamed the Iron. This prince seems in his early years to have paid but little attention to the important duties of his station. His whole time was spent in seeking and conferring pleasure. He therefore lived with his nobility upon the footing of a familiar friend, without exacting that respect which was due to his superior rank. The nobles, unprincipled enough to abuse the weakness and condescension of the young and thoughtless prince, assumed more extensive rights; than belonged to them; had recourse to unlawful means of enriching themselves; and in particular were guilty of the most intolerable oppression towards their vassals. All these circumstances, however, were unknown to the landgrave, till accident made him acquainted with them. One day, when enjoying the diversion of the chase, he was parted from his attendants and lost his way. The approach of night compelled him to seek refuge in the cottage of an honest blacksmith, to whom he represented himself as a servant of the landgrave. The smith continued his work, and at every blow that he struck upon the glowing iron, he emphatically ejaculated, Landgrave become severe! This circumstance excited his curiosity and led to an explanation, which first apprised him of the grievances of his subjects. His indignation was roused against his vassals; he resolved to punish the guilty, and to correct the abuses which had every where crept in. As the nobles, however, would not quietly submit to humiliation, an open war ensued between them and the landgrave, who at length proved victorious, and secured the persons of the principal insurgents. These he harnessed by fours to a plough, compelled them to plough a whole field, hence denominated the Adel-acker—'the Field of the Nobles,' and during the operation flogged them severely with his own hands. By this and other severities the landgrave struck terror into all, but exposed himself to so many attempts upon his life, that he found it necessary to wear armour habitually, and hence received the surname of the Iron." (Shoberl: 17)
the Mild (Ger. Sanftmutige): "Lewis V, eldest son of the preceding, was distinguished for the excellence of his character, his prudence, generosity, and personal beauty; and received the surname of the Mild, or the Pious. . . ." (Shoberl: 20)
the Pious: "Lewis IV, or the Holy, had scarcely attained his 16th year, at the death of his father in 1216. . . It is certain that he had the strongest sense of religion and virtue. He punished profane swearing at his court as immoral. With all his personal recommendations, he never suffered himself to be hurried away by those pleasures which captivate the senses. With the most steadfast adherence to principles he was a just and wise sovereign, a tender husband, and a faithful friend. It is the more to be regretted that his life should have "been abridged by his participation in the crusades. He died at Otranto, in the kingdom of Naples, on his way to Palestine, in 1227. . . ." (Shoberl: 25, 33-34)
the Faithful, Loyal (Pol. Wierny): He was so called for his attachment to the emperor. (Catholic Encyclopedia - Hessen)
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| Ludwig V of the Palatinate the Peace-maker @Wikipedia |
the Pacific:
the Peace-maker:
the Peaceable:
Ludwig of Austria.
the Grey Sneak: " . . . Archduke Louis was a Field-Marshal, every inch a bureaucrat, and an indefatigable reader. He was, with Metternich, the main prop of the Austrian policy, until the revolution of March, 1848. The Liberal party in Vienna used to call him 'the Grey Sneak." (Vehse, Vol. 2: 374)
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| Ludwig Wilhelm of Baden-Baden Turkish Louis @Wikipedia |
Turkish Louis (Ger. Türkenlouis).
"Ludwig Wilhelm earned his nickname 'Türkenlouis; as imperial field marshal and through his successes in the war against the Ottomans in the great Turkish war of 1683-99. . . ." (Schmidt. Sussen Is Now Free of Jews: 310)
" . . . Between 1688 and 1691 Louis William I of Baden, commander of the imperial troops, defeated the Turks in three more battles. For these victories he earned the nickname 'Türkenlouis ('Turkish Louis'). . . ." (Pavlac & Lott. The Holy Roman Empire: 140)
the Red King.
"No one doubted Türkenlouis's capacity for leadership, but many were concerned that he was too daring -- he was known to the Turks as the 'Red King' for his striking uniform that could be easily seen from any part of the battlefield, usually leading a devastating charge. . . ." (Urban. Matchlocks to Flintlocks)
" . . . Because of his red collar, which was visible across the battlefields, the Turks named him, the Red King. . . ." (Schmidt. Sussen Is Now Free of Jews: 310)
the Child (It. il Fanciullo):
Phoebus:
--"Two years later, Giovanna gave much satisfaction to her people by marrying her second cousin, Prince Louis of Taranto, a man of distinguished courage and talent, and so strikingly handsome that he was spoken of as another Phoebus. . . ." (Hare: 84)
--"Louis of Taranto was not less calculated than Joanna to win the affection of the multitude in such scenes, his extraordinary personal beauty, and noble bearing, entitled him, not less than the celebrated Gaston, count de Foix, to the appellation of Phoebus.
Rodomonte: "Vespasiano was born at Fondi in the kingdom of Naples, on the 6th of December, 1531. His mother, Isabella, was a Colonna; his father was that Luigi Gonzaga nicknamed Rodomonte, a great fighter, stormer of cities and illustrious plunderer, who had entered Rome in the wake of the constable de Bourbon and had brought back from the sack of the city the first statues later included in the collection of antiques at Sabbioneta. Vespasiano was only a year old when Rodomonte was killed at the siege of Vicovaro. Sabbioneta was then a slimy borough, surrounded with marshes, defended by a keep and governed by the father of Rodomonte, Lodovico, a descendant of Luigi III, called the Turk, marquis of Mantua, of that famous house of Gonzaga which claimed descent from the emperor Lothar. . . ." (Jusserand: 120) [Ref]
the Adonis of Diplomacy: "But Daisy was especially jealous of Jennie's relationship with the Marquis Luis de Soveral. As one of King Edward's three closest friends, Soveral was usually invited wherever His Majesty was invited. He was the Portuguese Ambassador to Great Britain, and few were better informed on European politics; indeed it was said the 'had he wished he could have become one of Europe's leading statesmen. . . ' But Soveral preferred to remain in England, 'Where he made love to all the most beautiful women and where all the nicest men were his friends. . . .' Soveral had long been one of Jennie's most unfailing admirers. He was a genial, charming, and tactful bachelor, with a fund of risque stories. Always dressed in the height of fashion, he usually wore immaculate, white gloves and a white flower in his buttonhole. He had a swarthy complexion and wore a fashionable moustache, and the press often referred to him as 'The Adonis of Diplomacy.' His collection of Court ladies was referred to by one woman as a 'harem.'" (Jennie: The Life of the American Beauty)
the Blue Monkey: "The Portuguese Ambassador in London, the Marquis Luis de Soveral (1862-1922), was perhaps the closest friend of King Edward VII, and, like his royal crony, was considered a great ladies' man. Some thought Soveral, nicknamed the 'Blue Monkey,' was 'the most popular man in London. . . Tall and well built, with blue black hair and fierce moustache, with his invariable monocle, white buttonhole and white gloves, he went everywhere persona gratissima. He was a celebrated waltzer, a sound musician, and devoted to the arts . . . he had few equals as a raconteur.' Soveral was a favourite subject of Max, appearing in 20 caricatures, including the 'Edwardian Parade' and the 'Blessed Deputation' where he is the spokesman urging Max to 'give over'." (Max Beerbohm Caricatures: 193)
the Holy Duchess: "Luisa was possessed of an intensely religious nature, but ironically she was the only one of her father’s four daughters who did not enter a convent. She was married (1541) at Medina Sidonia to Martin de Aragon y Guerra (1525–1581), fourth Duque de Villahermosa, as his first wife. Because of her charity and religious piety she earned the popular epithet of ‘the Holy Duchess’ and was much beloved and respected by the people on that account. Duquesa Luisa had borne her husband eight children. The Duquesa de Villahermosa died (Oct 4, 1560) at Zaragoza, Aragon, aged forty. . . . " (A Bit of History - V)
the Wisest Sovereign in Europe: While the Spanish are reported to have displayed 'indecent joy' at the news of Juan's death, it was soon quashed by the news that his widow, the formidable Queen Luiza had been appointed regent. Determined to protect the throne for her son, King Alphonso, Luiza put her considerable energies into a renewal of the struggle with Spain and was soon triumphantly establishing her country's independence with a successful combination of military victories and shrewd commercial policies. Before long Portugal's Queen was being hailed as 'the wisest sovereign in Europe' and was in the enviable position of having those who had snubbed her husband now anxious to secure her favour. Predictably this change of fortune increased her daughter's standing on the world stage and we are told that Queen Luiza was soon receiving 'many proposals' for Catherine's hand." (Murphy)
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| Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha the Mother of the Land @Wikepedia |
the Mother of the Land (Ger. Landesmutter):
the Mother of the Region
the Double Duchess.
References.
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