al-Ghalib
Muhammad II (d.1095)
Emir of Cordoba
al-Mutamid
al-Faqih
the Deposed (Arab. al-Makhlu): "When he died in 701 (1302) Muhammad II was succeeded by his son Muhammad III who was later to be known as al-Makhlu (the deposed). It was he who built the great mosque of the Alhambra. He had to put down risings by the governors of Guadix and Almeria but had to bow before the rising of a prince of his family, Abu 'l-Dyuyush Nasr b. Muhammad, who assumed the power in 708 (1309). Muhammad III abdicated and withdrew to Almunecar."(Houtsma: 879)
al-Ghani bi'llah (He who is contented with God): "His successor was his eldest son Muhammad V, who bore the honorific lakab of al-Ghani bi'llah. This sultan left the exercise of power in the hands of his father's old minister, the hadjib Ridwan, who maintained peaceful relations with Castile. After a few years, a conspiracy of dissatisfied Nasrid princes forced Muhammad V to abdicate and take refuge in Guadix, and afterwards in Morocco where he was well received by the Marinid sultan Abu Salim." (Houtsma: 879)
al-Mustain
al-Mutamassik
the Left-handed (Arab. al-Aizar)
the Little, the Small [127]
" . . . After him his eldest son Muhammad VIII became king of Granada; he is usually called by the chroniclers al-Aizar ('the left-handed'). It was in his reign, also much troubled, that we find the family of the Banu 'l-Sarradj, the Abencérages and that of the Zegris (Arabic thaghri: 'man of the frontier') beginning to play an important part in the history of Granada and the civil wars which characterize it. After various adventures, Muhammad VIII had to abandon his capital for a time and went to seek an asylum with the king of Tunis, while Muhammad IX known as al-Saghir assumed power. . ." (E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Vol 4: 880)
the Left-Handed, Left-handed King (Arab. al-Aysar; (Sp. el Rey Izquierdo): " . . . Muhammad VIII, who had been driven from power eight years before, recovered the throne in November 1427, forcing his rival, Muhammad IX (known as el rey izquierdo, the left-handed), into exile. . . . " (O'Callaghan: 555)
the Tiny, the Little, the Small [130]
"...The second last Nasrid king Muhammad XI, generally known in history as Boabdil (a corruption of his kunya Abu 'Abd Allah), was forced to declare himself the vassal of the Reyes Catolicos..." (Houtsma, p. 881)
the Valiant (Arab. al Zagal, az-Zaghali):
--"In proportion as they ceased to hate old Muley Abden Hassan, they began to hate his brother El Zagal. The circumstance of the old king's death, the eagerness to appropriate his treasures, the scandalous neglect of his corpse, and the imprisonment of his sultana and children all filled the public mind with gloomy suspicions; and the epithet of Fratricide was sometimes substituted for that of El Zagal, in the low murmurings of the people." (Irving, Vol. 1: 256)
--"In proportion as they ceased to hate old Muley Abden Hassan, they began to hate his brother El Zagal. The circumstance of the old king's death, the eagerness to appropriate his treasures, the scandalous neglect of his corpse, and the imprisonment of his sultana and children all filled the public mind with gloomy suspicions; and the epithet of Fratricide was sometimes substituted for that of El Zagal, in the low murmurings of the people." (Irving, Vol. 1: 256)
Muhammad Ali Pasha, Khedive of Egypt.
the Founder of the Mohammed Ali Dynasty.
al-Muzzafar [135]
Aby al-Qasim Muhammad ben Abbad (1040-1095)
King of Cordoba, 1071, 1078King of Seville, 1061
al-Mu'tamidthe Poet-King of Seville: " . . . Al-Mu'tamid is considered one of the most outstanding Andalusian poets of his age. . . ." (Esber)
Dall
King of Ulster
Muirchertach of MoylinnyEarl of Menteith
the YoungerHe of Brasera
He of Branosera (Sp. El de Brasera, El de Branosera)the Fighter
the God-like One (Hudavendigar)
Murad II of the Ottoman Empire
Murdoch MacCoinneach, 5th Lord of Kintail
the God-like One (Hudavendigar)
the Leader
the Martyr,the Rule
Ottoman Sultan, 1421-1451
Muradi
Muradi
the Always Successful Sultan
the Conqueror of Baghdad (Tur. Fatih-i Bagdat)
the Cruel
the Fighter.Murdoch of the Bridge:
Carrach:
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin
Murrough of the Burnings: the Incendiary:
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond
the Tanist: Mustapha (Hadji), Pasha of Serbia
the Mother of the Serbs: "At the beginning of the present century, the Turkish Pasha who governed Servia was Hadji Mustapha, a kind and humane ruler, who enjoyed great popularity with his Christian subjects. Under his beneficent sway the land had peace, trade flourished, and justice was fairly administered to all alike. The grateful people called the governor the 'Mother of the Serbs,' and it seemed as if his province would be the last to raise the standard of revolt. . . ." (Miller. The Balkans; Roumania, Bulgaria, Servia and Montenegro: 309)
Sforza (Force, Strength, Violent) (by Alberico da Barbiano):
--" . . . The Sforzas had a long history as fierce and shrewd condottieri, manifest in the name Sforza itself (meaning 'the powerful'), a nickname given to Ludovico's grandfather, Muzio, Attendolo, in recognition of his valor. . . ." (Drees: 445)
--"Francesco Sforza was one of the most striking figures of his day. His father, the first to take up the trade of war and found the dynasty, was a peasant of Cotilogna, a man of enormous size and strength. In 1380 he was invited by some passing soldiers, struck by his appearance, to join their ranks. He flung his pickaxe into an oak tree, if it fell he would go on working, it if stayed he would join the troops. No pick returned, he took to the soldiers trade, and was given the nickname of Sforza or the Violent. He became a warrior of great renown, and we have already heard of him fighting in Naples, in the Papal States and elsewhere, besides acquiring territorial possessions of his won. His chief source of strength lay in his army, and the devotion which his followers always felt for him."
--" . . . According to these writers, the fame of his great neighbour (Braciano) so inspired young Muzio that he ran away from his father's house when only twelve years old, in the hope of winning similar glory. He fell in with some troops belonging to a Captain of the Church, Boldrino da Panigale, with whom he remained four years. During this time he won the notice of his hero, Alberico da Barbiano, who, impressed by the lad's great strength and fiery nature, nicknamed him 'Sforza,' and promised to have him trained as a soldier. . . ." (A History of Milan Under the Sforza)
--" . . . Muzio Attendolo, the founder of the Sforza line . . ., had run away from his family farm in the 1390s to fight as a mercenary soldier, a condottiere. . . Muzio Attendolo's courageous exploits on the battlefield had earned him the nickname 'Sforza,' meaning 'strength.' After fighting for the papacy, the Republic of Florence, and the kingdom of Naples, he settled in regular service with the duke of Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti. . . ." (Lev: 1)
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