--"His ancestry is certainly Scandinavian . His father is Thorstein Goz (Turstenus, cognomento Guz Ansfridi Dani filius), viscount, active between 1015 and 1040, and his presumed grandfather is a certain Ansfridus Danus (Ansfroi the Danish)." (Wikipedia)
--"Turstain-Goz had not, however, time to fortify it fully before it was invested; and a brach having been made, he soon capitulated, on condition that himself and his men-at-arms might march out in military array. He was exiled, and his estates confiscated, his land of Goz being given in dowry to the celebrated Arlette, on her marriage with Herlouis de Conteville. This disgrace, however, was not of long continuance; for at the solicitation of Richard d'Avranches, his son by the Lady Judith de Monterolliers, a faithful partisan of the young duke, he was, a few years afterwards, recalled from banishment, and restored to the principal part of hi estates. Of Richard, viscount of Avranches, it may be sufficient to remark, that by the Lady Emmeline de Mortagne he was the father of Hugh Lupus, so denominated form the wolf's head proper which he bore upon his azure shield, the well-known ancestor of the earls of Chester, in England." (Wiffen. Historical Memoirs of the First Race of Ancestry: 62)
Richard Quarrel:
Richard Drengot:
le Noir Faineant: "After Ivanhoe, in which he is depicted as initially adopting the pseudonym of Le Noir Fainéant ("The Black Sluggard"), Sir Walter Scott portrayed Richard in The Talisman (1825), a highly fictionalized treatment of the Third Crusade." (Wikipedia)
Melek-Ric (Arab. = "King Richard"): "The Arab name for King Richard, literally 'King Richard'. Such was his reputation that for generations Arab children were warned that if they did not behave, 'Merek-Ric' will come to get you!'" (Binns, Lionheart)
Evil Richard: "By 1191, the crusaders were at the walls of the Turkish-controlled port of Acre, near Jerusalem. They attacked the city with battering rams, flaming missiles, and crossbow. The English king's assault was so savage that the Turks called him 'Evil Richard.'" (Plain. Eleanor of Aquitaine and the High Middle Ages: 41)
Yea- and-Nay; Yes and No (Fr. Oc-e-Non):
--"It was Bertran who bestowed on his patron the nickname 'Oc e No' ('Yea-and-Nay'), which reflected Richard's single-mindedness and his determination never to break his word. The name stuck throughout Richard's life; the epithet 'Coeur-de-Lion' or 'the Lionheart' is not recorded until a decade after his death, and is thought to have been first used bu the troubadour chronicler Peyrols, although Richard of Devizes had called Richard 'that fearful lion' during his lifetime." (Eleanor of Aquitaine: By the Wrath of God, Queen of England: 199)
--"Moore alleges that Bertran's nickname for Richard Lionheart, 'Yes-and-No', was inappropriate because--historians tell us--Richard was a brilliant and very decisive warrior (Young King, p. 40). . . ." (Makin. Provence and Pound: 320)
--"Richard was a man of culture (he wrote troubadour poetry in both French and Provencal), but was also capable of fierce outbreaks of temper, and of great cruelty. He was praised at the time for his courage and his chivalry, and his decisiveness led to his contemporary nickname 'Richard Yea and Nay'. . . Physically, Richard was tall, blond and blue-eyed, and from an early age he seems to have found his metier in soldiering." (Crofton: The Kings & Queens of England: 70)
the Great One: "He was undoubtedly his mother's favourite child. She idolised him, referring to him as 'the great one', while he, she knew, 'reposed all his trust in her, next to God'. Ralph of Diceto states that Richard 'strove in all things to bring glory to his mother's name'. This special relationship is reflected in official documents, where Eleanor calls John her 'dear' son ('dilectum') and Richard her 'very dear son' ('carissimum').'' (Weir. Eleanor Of Aquitaine: By the Wrath of God, Queen of England: 199)
the Lion, the Lionheart, the Lion-hearted:
--"Richard, trained to war from his earliest years in Poitou, had obtained the epithet of the Lion, expressive of his indomitable courage, before the succession to the throne was opened up to him by the death of his elder brothers. War had become to him his natural element, and the encounter of martial hosts his most keenly relished pastime. . . ." (Cunningham. Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen: 206)
--" . . . Again, he advanced upon Jerusalem, and again retreated upon Jaffa, whither Saladin followed him. It was before this town that the king of England gave the most signal displays of that indomitable courage and resistless prowess which earned for him the appellation of the Lion-heart, and the admiration of his fiercest enemies. . . ." (Cunningham. Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen: 210)
--" . . . His nickname, 'the Lionheart' (Fr. 'Coeur de Lion'), can be traced back to Gerald of Wales (d. ca. 1223), who compared the king to a lion, and can already be found circulating in a 13th-century romance of Richard's life." (Emmerson & Clayton-Emmercon. Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia: 564)
--" . . . Richard 'the Lionheart', the recently crowned king of England, thirty-three years old, tall, strong, good-looking, with golden-red hair, seemingly the archetypal hero. But this often charming and courageous young man was also the product of a dysfunctional family, which was in almost constant state of rivalry, rebellion, war and civil war. Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, however, had been highly competent rulers, right up until Henry's death two years previously, while Richard was prone to hot temper and impetuous action. He was both idealistic and mean, chivalrous and treacherous, a wonderful ally and a fearsome enemy. With a will of iron and adoring followers, he was free to use his vast wealth -- as king of England and ruler of Aquitaine, which was half of France -- to indulge an urge for foreign adventures. In this case, he had personal reasons to do so: he was a relative of Jerusalem's queen and King Guy's dead wife, Sibylla. Retaking Jerusalem would be the perfect way to serve his religion, his kingdom and his family." (Saladin: The Sultan Who Vanquished the Crusaders and Built an Islamic Empire)
the Staff of My Old Age, the Light of My Eyes: "Endless warfare had left Richard in dire need of money. In 1199, he heard that a treasure of gold coins had been found in a field and locked away in a castle near the city of Limoges. He besieged the castle in order to obtain the gold. But he was shot in the arm with an arrow, and the wound became badly infected. Eleanor rode---practically flew---one hundred miles to be at Richard's side. She was there on April 6, when he died, this son whom she called 'the staff of my old age, the light of my eyes.'. . . ." (Plain. Eleanor of Aquitaine and the High Middle Ages: 41)
Richard of Bordeaux: "The second and eldest surviving son of Edward, the Black Prince and Joan, Countess of Kent, Richard was born on 6 January,1367 at Bordeaux. After the death of his famous father, he was created Prince of Wales on 20 November, 1376, aged nine, at Havering." (English Monarchs)
the Coxcomb: "An empty-headed, vain person. The ancient licensed jesters were so called because they wore a cock’s comb in their caps. . . Richard II. of England is sometimes called the Coxcomb." (Bartleby.com)
the Redeles: " . . . An anonymous poem criticising Richard's kingship, written shortly after his deposition, was significantly entitled Richard the Redeles. The word redeles does not translate easily into modern English, but it means lacking in counsel or ill-advised (rather like the Old English sobriquet Unraed of 'Aethelred the Unready'). The modern German word ratlos, which has the same root, means 'helpless' or 'perplexed'. . . ." (Evans. The Death of Kings: 195)
Crookback, Crooked-back Richard:
the Hog, Hogge:
the Protector:
Richard of Conisburgh:
Richard II of Burgundy:
Richard of Autun:
the Justiciar (Fr. le Justicier): "Richard-le-Justicier, King Boso's brother, was at this era a most influential potentate: historical criticism seeks to shew that he held his Principality by a revocable grant; his contemporaries, his rivals, and his subjects knew and felt that he was a Sovereign. The epithet which distinguishes Richard, had been well earned by his stern administration of the law:---and in his own political conduct he was rigidly consistent, perhaps the only one amongst the French princes who never swerved from his fidelity. . . ." (Palgrave. The History of Normandy and of England: 19)
MacWilliam Eughter:
Richard in Iron: "Grainne O'Mailly took as her second husband a powerful Anglo-Norman chief, named Sir Richard Bourke, lord of the Mayo sept of this great Norman-Irish clan. Amongst his Irish retainers he was known by the name of MacWilliam Eughter---i.e., 'the lower,' in contradistinction to the Earl of Clanrickarde, who governed 'the upper' sept. Also, in accordance with the primitive Irish fashion of giving a person a nickname, he was called 'Richard in Iron'---in allusion to the plate armour which he always wore." (Blackburne. Illustrious Irishwomen: 96)
the Scot:
Gilbert de Bienfaite
Richard de Clare
Richard de Tonbridge
Richard Martin (politician)
Humanity Dick Martin (by George IV): " . . . It was in 1824 that the first animal welfare society was founded---the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (S.P.C.A.) established in Britain by Richard Martin, M.P., customarily known in parliamentary circles as 'Humanity Dick'. It was he, too, who managed to have the first modern animal cruelty act legislated---and even then only after his first attempt was roundly ridiculed by his fellow parliamentarians and was defeated. . . ." (Preece. Animal Welfare and Human Values: 34)
Beau Nash:
Dick Talbot: "Colonel Richard Talbot (1630-91) was created Earl of Tyrconnel in 1685. Grammont (Memoirs, II, 24) implies he had been one of Lady Shrewbury's lovers." (Wilson. Court Satires of the Restoration: 29)
Goliath: "Colonel Richard Talbot was one of the tallest men in England." (Wilson. Court Satires of the Restoration: 30)
Lying Dick Talbot (by Macaulay):
-- "The next of the illustrious dead lying buried in teh Cathedral is Richard Talbot, the famous Earl of Tyrconnell, or as Macaulay styles him, 'lying Dick Talbot,' for he is one, most of all, on whom that historian pours out the full vials of his wrath; his one great crime being that he strove to restore to his Catholic fellow-countrymen some portion of their lost estates, some share in the honours and public offices of their own country. . . ." (The Irish Ecclesiastical Record: 534)
--" . . . He was now well advanced in middle life, with all his vices intensified and aggravated. His stately figure was overgrown and showed traces of premature infirmity. His fine face was swollen and bloated with self-indulgence. His regardless habit of speech had grown upon him till it earned him the unenviable sobriquet of 'Lying Dick Talbot.' The volleys of blasphemous oaths with which he was given to seasoning his discourse were enough to have had him thrust out of any respectable---not to say reverent---house. His boisterous bragging was so exaggerated, and his violence when contradicted so destitute of the slightest restraint, that people began to think he was half mad, or on the way to be mad." . . . ." (London Society, Volume 55: 438)
the Saving Duke:
Dick the Dandy-killer: "Richard Meyler, a wealthy sugar-baker, a frequenter of Harriette Wilson's drawing room (and bedroom), entered into a deal with others to raise 30,000 pounds for Brummell. Meyler's contribution was 7,000 pounds. When he learned that there was not the remote prospect of ever getting any of his money back he was furious, and he exposed Brummell at White's Club. By this he earned the nickname of 'Dick the Dandy-killer'. . . ." (Lord Byron: Selected Letters and Journals: 268)
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| Rigo Janczy @Wikipedia |
Gypsy John:
Robert Tracy.
Beau Tracy:
Handsome Tracy
One of the Handsomest Fellows in England.
Richard Ulick de Burgh, 1st Lord of Clanricarde (d.1423)
Richard of the Wine
Richard de Luci, Chief Justiciar of England
the Loyal: " . . . Richard de Lucy . . . had none of Robert de Beaumont's advantages of birth and upbringing. By the middle of Henry II's reign he had become an important baron in his own right; but this was largely the result of grants which rewarded his administrative services. His family background was that of the fairly well-to-do knightly class. . . But Richard de Lucy followed in the footsteps of men of middling or lowly rank whom King Henry I had recruited, and hitched his fortune to the royal service. He served Stephen faithfully, and Henry II after him, earned for himself the nickname of 'the loyal', and by 1166 held lands which returned the service of thirty knights. . . ." (Warren: 261)
the Surety
1st Duke of York
the Lost Prince
the Prince in the Tower
a.k.a. Rhydderch Hael
King of Strathclyde, 580–612
the Old
Lord of Mantua
Passerino
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